Can Dual Task Walking Improve in Parkinson’s Disease After External Focus of Attention Exercise? A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Beck, Eric N.; Intzandt, Brittany; Almeida, Quincy J.

doi:10.1177/1545968317746782

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…This differs from verbal fluency and counting tasks in that participants were not provided with a starting cue (i.e., a letter or number) after which they could respond at their own pace. The external focus of the cognitive tasks and unpredictable pattern of stimuli may have helped recruit automatic control pathways by ensuring that the full duration of the task was attention‐demanding (Beck et al., 2018; Bernstein, 1967). (b) Motor task: Walking trajectories vary significantly across studies due to equipment and space constraints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The external focus of the cognitive tasks and unpredictable pattern of stimuli may have helped recruit automatic control pathways by ensuring that the full duration of the task was attention-demanding (Beck et al, 2018;Bernstein, 1967). (b) Motor task: Walking trajectories vary significantly across studies due to equipment and space constraints.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemodynamic and behavioral changes in older adults during cognitively demanding dual tasks

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic and behavioral changes in older adults during cognitively demanding dual tasks

et al. 2021

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“…All patients included in the RCTs were on a stable medication regimen. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] With the exception of one study, all other studies involved assessments at the 'on' status of medications. 29 As shown in Table 1, the interventions in the experimental group involved two different types of tasks, whereas the control group either performed one type of approach or maintained regular activities.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-task training on gait, motor symptoms, and balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2020

Clin Rehabil

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate and quantify the effectiveness of dual-task training on gait parameters, motor symptoms and balance in individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Data resources: A systematic review of published literature was conducted until May 2020, using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI databases. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs to evaluate the effects of dual-task training compared with those of non-intervention or other forms of training. The measurements included gait parameters, motor symptoms and balance parameters. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Outcomes were pooled by calculating between-group mean differences using fixed- or random-effects models based on study heterogeneity. Results: A total of 11 RCTs comprising 322 subjects were included in the present meta-analysis. Results showed that dual-task training significantly improved gait speed (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.38 to −0.08; P = 0.002), cadence (SMD, −0.25; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.02; P = 0.03), motor symptoms (SMD, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.94; P = 0.004) and balance (SMD, −0.44; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.05; P = 0.03). However, no significant changes were detected in step length or stride length. Conclusion: Dual-task training was effective in improving gait performance, motor symptoms and balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease relative to other forms of training or non-intervention.

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“…The study by Shafizadeh et al (2013) on patients with multiple sclerosis revealed that step length, stride length, gait speed, and gait energy consumption was significantly when using the EF. Beck et al (2018) studied the effect of attentional focus on the gait of patients with Parkinson disease. The study demonstrated an increase in stride length by 90% when walking with EF training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different attentional focus on poststroke gait

2019

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Attention may influence the motor performance of poststroke patients. The attentional focus implies “where” attention is focused while performing a specific movement. Focusing attention on the inside of the body while performing a specific exercise is called an internal focus (IF) and focus on the external environment is called an external focus (EF). This study examined the effect of attention on the gait of patients with chronic stroke. Sixteen subjects voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects were guided to walk while maintaining the required attentional focus, which is control, IF, and EF condition. Dependent variables were as follows: step length, stride length, step width, 10-m walk time, and weight distribution on the paretic limb. The results are as follows. First, the step length and the stride length were observed to be longer in the EF condition. Second, 10-m walk time was faster in EF condition. Third, under the EF condition, more weight was applied to the paretic limb. We suggest that EF instruction useful to improve the poststroke gait.

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Can Dual Task Walking Improve in Parkinson’s Disease After External Focus of Attention Exercise? A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Hemodynamic and behavioral changes in older adults during cognitively demanding dual tasks

Hemodynamic and behavioral changes in older adults during cognitively demanding dual tasks

Dual-task training on gait, motor symptoms, and balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The effects of different attentional focus on poststroke gait

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