Can consumption of raw vegetables decrease the count of sister chromatid exchange? Results from a cross-sectional study in Krakow, Poland

Abstract

Background Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is a widely used sensitive cytogenetic biomarker of exposure to genotoxic and cancerogenic agents. Results of human monitoring studies and cytogenetic damage have revealed that biological effects of genotoxic exposures are influenced by confounding factors related to life-style. Vegetable and fruit consumption may play a role, but available results are not consistent. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of consumption of raw and cooked vegetables and fruits on SCE frequency.MethodsA total of 62 participants included colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, hospital-based controls and healthy laboratory workers. SCE frequency was assessed in blood lymphocytes. Frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption was gathered by structured semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.ResultsSCE frequency was lowest among hospital-based controls (4.4 ± 1.1), a bit higher in CRC patients (4.5 ± 1.0) and highest among laboratory workers (7.4 ± 1.2) (p < 0.05). Multivariable linear regression showed a significant inverse effect (b = −0.20) of raw vegetable consumption, but not so for intake of cooked vegetables and fruits.ConclusionsThe results of the study have shown the beneficial effect of consumption of raw vegetables on disrupted replication of DNA measured by SCE frequency, implying protection against genotoxic agents. Further effort is required to verify the role of cooked vegetables and fruits.

Environmental Stimulus Perception as an Incidence Factor in Social Interaction and Personality Development

“…Most recent investigations into the human genome show how our DNA contains genes that are predictors of a certain pathology and, at the same time, shows many that are protective against the same pathology with incidence to their expressiveness of external factors, such as physical activity (Hildebrandt et al, 2000(Hildebrandt et al, , 2003 and lifestyle (Galas et al, 2015;Weaver et al, 2009). This is further supported by the many studies on different pathologies: cardiocirculatory (Tong et al, 2013;Marini et al, 2007;Melling et al, 2007;Morán t al.…”

Aberrations Involving Chromosome 1 as a Possible Predictor of Odds Ratio for Colon Cancer - Results from the Krakow Case-Control Study

“…This is in line with other observations that indicated an association between CAs and cancer, which was not merely due to some occupational risks or smoking status [ 30 ], suggesting that the 'quality' of genome might also play a role. There is also some evidence showing the effect of dietary compounds in preventing DNA damage [ 12 , 31 , 32 ]. As in some of our models both CAs and fruit and vegetable consumption were considered, we believe that this additional adjustment is one of the strengths in our investigation, and supports the hypothesis that increased CAs might be associated with colon cancer.…”

“…A hospital based case-control study included CRC patients admitted to the I Chair of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, Krakow, Poland, and controls treated due to other causes (unrelated to cancer) at the University Hospital in Krakow. The design of the study has been described elsewhere [ 12 , 13 ]. In brief, participants were newly diagnosed cases of sporadic adenocarcinoma of either the colon or rectum and were confirmed histopathologically.…”

“…Results of chromosome aberrations assessed by the classical cytogenetic method were published in the primary study monograph [ 14 ]. Results of the SCE assessment from the next set of 38 subjects, which included a set of samples from another 24 subjects coming from a similar research project were also published [ 12 ]. Finally, another set of 38 blood samples (20 colon cancer cases and 18 controls) were also available for the FISH technique to evaluate the presence and frequency of chromosome 1, 2 and 4 aberrations.…”

A Single Dose of Nitrate Increases Resilience Against Acidification Derived From Sugar Fermentation by the Oral Microbiome

“…A second potential anti-caries prebiotic is nitrate, but current in vivo evidence is limited (Rosier et al, 2018). It is estimated that humans obtain more than 80% of dietary nitrate from vegetablesa food group unequivocally associated with health benefits (Link et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2014;Turati et al, 2015;Lundberg et al, 2018). The salivary glands contain electrogenic sialin 2NO 3 -/H + transporters that concentrate plasma nitrate into the saliva (Qu et al, 2016), leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (100-500 mM during fasting, which is~10x higher than in plasma, and 5-8 mM after a nitrate-containing meal) (Lundberg and Govoni, 2004;Hezel and Weitzberg, 2015).…”