Can Colchicine as an Old Anti‐Inflammatory Agent Be Effective in COVID‐19?

Potential COVID‐19 Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines: An Evidence‐Based Review

“…It has been revealed that the intense inflammatory response leads to overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and CRS, which has a direct relation with lung injury and ARDS in patients with COVID‐19 70 . Thus, considering this pathophysiologic pathway, colchicine may have potential benefits due to its anti‐inflammatory activity with fewer adverse effects than steroids and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs 71 . Recently, a randomized clinical trial by Deftereos et al 72 evaluated the effects of colchicine on hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.…”

“…70 Thus, considering this pathophysiologic pathway, colchicine may have potential benefits due to its anti-inflammatory activity with fewer adverse effects than steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 71 Recently, a randomized clinical trial by Deftereos et al 72 evaluated the effects of colchicine on hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, fever, and at least 2 of the following criteria: PaO 2 <95 mm Hg, sustained sore throat, sustained cough, and loss of sense of smell and/or taste were included in the study.…”

Drug repurposing and cytokine management in response to COVID-19: A review

“… Spike (S)-protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) blockers ↓TNF-α ↓IL-6 ↓IL-18 In vivo [175] Hydroxychloroquine Antimalarial drug Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) Immunosuppression Inhibition of cellular receptor of SARS-CoV (ACE2), membrane fusion of the virus in the host, nucleic acid replication, new virus transport, virus release. ↓TNF-α ↑IL-4 ↓IL-6 ↑IL-10 ↓IL-18 ↓IFN-γ Clinical [137] Ivermectin Antiparasitic agent broad spectrum Anti-viral ( in vitro ) Nuclear transport inhibitory activity Nuclear transport inhibitory activity ↓TNF--α ↓IL-1ss ↓IL-4 ↓IL-5 ↓IL-6 ↓IL-13 In vitro [126] , [132] , [131] Nitazoxanide (anitta) Antiprotozoal drug Potentiates interferon alfa and interferon beta production Affect viral genome synthesis Prevents viral entry and interferes with N-glycosylation ↓TNF-α ↓IL-1β (Tizoxanide) ↓IL-6 In vivo In vitro [176] , [177] , [178] Other Colchicine Anti-gout Microtubule inhibitor (colchicine block microtubule polymerization) Non-selective inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome Anti-inflammatory action ↓TNF-α ↓IL-1β ↓IL-6 ↓IL-18 Clinical In vitro [84] , [83] , [87] , [179] BTK: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; IL: Interleukin; IFNs: Interferons; NLRP3: NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; SARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2, Tizoxanide: metabolite of nitazoxanide. …”

Kolkisin Sebagai Terapi Adjuvan Pada Coronavirus Disease

“…Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan kemampuan kolkisin dalam mensupresi pelepasan IL-1beta, IL-18 dan IL-6. 30,31 Kolkisin memiliki properti antiinflamasi dan antiviral, serta imunomodulator. 19,22,28 Dampak pemberian kolkisin pada kasus COVID-19 sebagai anti-inflamasi tercantum dalam beberapa penelitian.…”