Can Clinical Signs of Trachoma Be Used after Multiple Rounds of Mass Antibiotic Treatment to Indicate Infection?

Muñoz, Beatriz; Stare, Dianne; Mkocha, Harran; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Quinn, Thomas C.; West, Sheila K.

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8074

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…We have found, as others have, that not all TF cases were positive for chlamydia, which was expected because follicles take a long time to clear once infection is gone. [8][9][10] Finding evidence for infection in the areas with highest prevalence of trachoma does suggest that there are still pockets of true trachoma in these areas. Most villages even in the sub-districts with trachoma, had access to water and functional latrines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population-Based Study of Trachoma in Guatemala

Silva¹,

Díaz

Maul

et al. 2015

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Is the prevalence of trachoma in children aged [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] years 10% or greater in each municipio (district), indicating that mass treatment of the municipio may be needed? (2) Is the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in women aged 40 years and older above 1/1000 in each municipio?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study of Trachoma in Guatemala

Silva¹,

Díaz

Maul

et al. 2015

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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“…As part of routine post-MDA study evaluations, clinical exams, using an expansion of the WHO simplified grading scheme [3], [14] were performed on 100 children several months to 9 years old who were randomly selected from each village, and in four villages all children were examined. Trachoma was graded as zero if the ocular signs did not meet WHO criteria for TF (follicular trachoma) or TI (Trachoma Intense).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT694 and pgp3 as Serological Tools for Monitoring Trachoma Programs

Goodhew

Priest²,

Moss³

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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106

170

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BackgroundDefining endpoints for trachoma programs can be a challenge as clinical signs of infection may persist in the absence of detectable bacteria. Antibody-based tests may provide an alternative testing strategy for surveillance during terminal phases of the program. Antibody-based assays, in particular ELISAs, have been shown to be useful to document C. trachomatis genital infections, but have not been explored extensively for ocular C. trachomatis infections.Methodology/Principal FindingsAn antibody-based multiplex assay was used to test two C. trachomatis antigens, pgp3 and CT694, for detection of trachoma antibodies in bloodspots from Tanzanian children (n = 160) collected after multiple rounds of mass azithromycin treatment. Using samples from C. trachomatis-positive (by PCR) children from Tanzania (n = 11) and control sera from a non-endemic group of U.S. children (n = 122), IgG responses to both pgp3 and CT694 were determined to be 91% sensitive and 98% specific. Antibody responses of Tanzanian children were analyzed with regard to clinical trachoma, PCR positivity, and age. In general, children with more intense ocular pathology (TF/TI = 2 or most severe) had a higher median antibody response to pgp3 (p = 0.0041) and CT694 (p = 0.0282) than those with normal exams (TF/TI = 0). However, 44% of children with no ocular pathology tested positive for antibody, suggesting prior infection. The median titer of antibody responses for children less than three years of age was significantly lower than those of older children. (p<0.0001 for both antigens).Conclusions/SignificanceThe antibody-based multiplex assay is a sensitive and specific additional tool for evaluating trachoma transmission. The assay can also be expanded to include antigens representing different diseases, allowing for a robust assay for monitoring across NTD programs.

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“…Clinical signs may persist long after the infection has cleared [44], and so the existence of clinical disease with no detectable infection has led some to question whether the clinical signs should be the criterion to determine when to stop treatment [45].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trachoma as cause of blindness: literature review

Silva¹,

Andrade²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2017

int arch med

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This is a literature review that used as database articles in websites like Bireme, SciELO, LILACS, Journals and Webartigos. Development:Trachoma is an ocular inflammatory disease, whose etiological agent is Chlamydia trachomatis, which affects the conjunctiva and cornea causing a chronic relapsing keratoconjunctivitis, in the course of time may lead to the formation of entropion, trichiasis and possible blindness. Its transmission occurs in the home environment, directly or indirectly. The occurrence of trachoma is mostly where hygiene and lifestyle habits are precarious. According to the World Health Organization, there are six million people currently infected.

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Can Clinical Signs of Trachoma Be Used after Multiple Rounds of Mass Antibiotic Treatment to Indicate Infection?

Abstract: The use of HRS to determine the infection status of a community was not useful in predicting whether MDA could be stopped.

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Population-Based Study of Trachoma in Guatemala

Population-Based Study of Trachoma in Guatemala

CT694 and pgp3 as Serological Tools for Monitoring Trachoma Programs

Trachoma as cause of blindness: literature review

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