Can Circadian Eating Pattern Adjustments Reduce Risk or Prevent Development of T2D?

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition that occurs in insulin-resistant people with reduced glucose uptake. It is contributed to and exacerbated by a poor diet that results in accumulation of adipose tissue, high blood sugar, and other metabolic issues. Because humans have undergone food scarcity throughout history, our species has adapted a fat reserve genotype. This adaptation is no longer beneficial, as eating at a higher frequency than that of our ancestors has had a significant effect on T2D development. Eating at high frequencies disrupts the circadian clock, the circadian rhythm, and the composition of the gut microbiome, as well as hormone secretion and sensitivity. The current literature suggests an improved diet requires meal consistency, avoiding late-night eating, low meal frequency, and fasting to increase metabolic health. In addition, fasting as a treatment for T2D must be used correctly for beneficial results. Early time-restricted eating (TRE) provides many benefits such as improving insulin resistance, cognitive function, and glycemic control. Alternate-day fasting (ADF), 5:2 fasting, and long-term fasting all have benefits; however, they may be less advantageous than early TRE. Therefore, eating pattern adjustments can be used to reduce T2D if used correctly.

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Parameters through Intermittent Fasting: A Machine Learning Approach

“…Among the various avenues explored, IF has garnered considerable attention as an alternative approach to conventional T2DM treatments [ 10 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 53 ]. IF entails cyclic patterns of controlled eating and fasting, demonstrating the potential to enhance insulin sensitivity, enhance glucose metabolism, and reduce inflammation.…”

“…IF involves periods of reduced or no caloric intake alternated with periods of normal or increased caloric intake. Several studies have suggested that IF may improve various risk parameters associated with T2DM, including insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and inflammation [ 18 , 25 , 26 ]. Alternate-day intermittent fasting (ADF), for example, demonstrates improvements in diabetes and preservation of beta cell function in polygenic mouse models of T2DM [ 25 , 28 , 29 ].…”

“…While most randomized clinical trials studying IF interventions in humans have shown a reduction in T2DM risk parameters, such as fasting glucose and insulin levels, it is important to acknowledge that there are exceptions to this trend. Some studies may not observe significant improvements in these biomarkers following intermittent fasting interventions [ 18 , 30 ]. The reasons for these exceptions could be multifactorial and may include variations in study design, differences in participant characteristics [ 34 ], effects of fasting on reproductive hormone levels in humans, especially for menopausal women [ 35 ], or variations in the duration or intensity of the intermittent fasting protocols employed.…”

Papel Da Coenzima Q10 Em Doenças Do Sistema Nervoso Central: Uma Mini Revisão

“…ingestão de energia à noite e jejum noturno pode reduzir a inflamação sistêmica e, posteriormente, reduzir a risco de doenças inflamatórias e metabólicas (ADAFER et al, 2020; 130 Além da teoria: contribuições das ciências fisiológicas para a saúde CAPÍTULO XII HENRY; KAUR; proteína, fibra) em conjunto com as funções orgânicas fisiológicas do estômago, hidrólise pancreática e das enzimas da borda em escova do intestino. Todo esse contexto tem impacto no esvaziamento gástrico, taxa de absorção intestinal de nutrientes, e consequentemente na glicemia pós-prandial (PAPAKONSTANTINOUHARRIS;CZAJA, 2023).Ao que parece o maior consumo de carboidratos do que gorduras no café da manhã, e consumir até 25% da caloria total no início do dia está associado a maior sensibilidade à insulina, independentemente da quantidade total de calorias consumidas(RANGARAJ, et al, 2020). Enquanto isso, a redução no consumo da gordura saturada e o açúcar no jantar está associada a uma melhor resposta da glicose pós-prandial noturna (HENRY; KAUR; QUEK, 2020).…”

Alterações Vasculares Em Modelo De Sepse Induzida Por Ligadura E Perfuração Cecal Em Ratos: Uma Mini Revisão

“…ingestão de energia à noite e jejum noturno pode reduzir a inflamação sistêmica e, posteriormente, reduzir a risco de doenças inflamatórias e metabólicas (ADAFER et al, 2020; 130 Além da teoria: contribuições das ciências fisiológicas para a saúde CAPÍTULO XII HENRY; KAUR; proteína, fibra) em conjunto com as funções orgânicas fisiológicas do estômago, hidrólise pancreática e das enzimas da borda em escova do intestino. Todo esse contexto tem impacto no esvaziamento gástrico, taxa de absorção intestinal de nutrientes, e consequentemente na glicemia pós-prandial (PAPAKONSTANTINOUHARRIS;CZAJA, 2023).Ao que parece o maior consumo de carboidratos do que gorduras no café da manhã, e consumir até 25% da caloria total no início do dia está associado a maior sensibilidade à insulina, independentemente da quantidade total de calorias consumidas(RANGARAJ, et al, 2020). Enquanto isso, a redução no consumo da gordura saturada e o açúcar no jantar está associada a uma melhor resposta da glicose pós-prandial noturna (HENRY; KAUR; QUEK, 2020).…”