Can by-products replace conventional ingredients in concentrate of dairy goat diet?

Abstract

Intensive dairy goat production in the Mediterranean basin is based on imported conventional ingredients to be included in concentrates. Fourteen Murciano-Granadina goats in the middle of the third lactation were allocated into 2 groups of 7 animals each fed, respectively, a control diet based on alfalfa hay and concentrate in a 40:60 ratio, and a diet in which the concentrate included tomato fruits, citrus pulp, brewer's grain and brewer's yeast (T100CBY) to study the effect of diet on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, purine derivatives excretion in urine, milk yield and composition, and methane emissions. No effect of the diet on total dry matter intake was observed. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were higher for T100CBY compared with the control diet. The N in feces and urine was lower and balance and retained N were higher in animals fed T100CBY than the control diet. Milk protein N and energy were similar for both diets. Metabolizable energy per energy intake and metabolizable energy per digestible energy were higher and energy in methane was lower with diet T100CBY than with the control. Milk yield and composition were not affected by diet, with the exception of protein, casein, and total solids, which were higher for diet T100CBY than the control. Diet T100CBY promoted less saturated fatty acids and higher mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk than the control diet. Diet T100CBY produced less methane and NH concentration in the rumen, higher propionate, and a lower acetate-to-propionate ratio without an effect on the volatile fatty acid concentration. The concentrate with by-products did not affect urinary excretion of total purine derivatives, reduced feeding costs, and increased profit margin by 14 and 16% compared with the control. The mixture of tomato fruits, citrus pulp, brewer's grain, and brewer's yeast could replace 47% of conventional ingredients (corn, wheat bran, sunflower meal, and soy flour) in the concentrate of the dairy goat diet, reducing feeding cost and methane production, leading to a healthier fatty acids profile in milk without compromising nutrient utilization or milk yield.

Ruminal Fermentation, Growth Rate and Methane Production in Sheep Fed Diets Including White Clover, Soybean Meal or Porphyra sp.

“…De la Moneda et al [19] concluded that none of the seven different seaweed species, including Porphyra sp., tested in vitro for enteric CH 4 emission, had a noticeable anti-methanogenic effect. We measured values of enteric CH 4 from sheep fed the diets in respiration chambers between 22.8-29.1 L/kg DM intake, which is in accordance with observations made in goats [16,38], sheep [39] and cattle [40]. The in vivo results supported the results of the in vitro study, which also showed no significant differences in CH 4 emission between diets.…”

“…Methane is an important greenhouse gas and represents an energy loss from the animal that results in reduced productivity. Because methane emissions are influenced by type of feed, ruminant nutritionists have focused studies on dietary strategies that can reduce CH 4 emissions [16][17][18].…”

Integration of LCC and LCA results to higher system levels : The German meat and EU tomato cases

“…When considering tomatoes as substitute of other ingredients in animal feed, such as in the diet of dairy goat, it implies a reduction in the methane production keeping the same milk yield (Molina-Alcaide et al, 2017). In an internalization of environmental cost, the role of environmental emissions in managing residues will be also included in the decision-making.…”

Review and Analysis of Alternatives for the Valorisation of Agro-Industrial Olive Oil By-Products

“…The use of olive by-products in animal feed is growing and the evidence is positive, as the previous section has illustrated [33]. Nevertheless, such uses are still limited in comparison to low-value uses (energy and compost).…”