Can appearance be so deceptive? Representationalism and binocular vision

Hibbard, Paul B.

doi:10.1163/156856808786451444

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The wide variety of disparity structures encoded across the visual cortex suggests that we might form many different kinds of representations of depth, rather than a single depth map of the three-dimensional location of each point [22]. For example, it has been suggested that we make direct use of information not only about the depths of individual points, but also the 3D orientation and curvature of surfaces [23–27]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Depth Judgments on Smoothly Curved Surfaces

2016

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Binocular disparity is an important cue to depth, allowing us to make very fine discriminations of the relative depth of objects. In complex scenes, this sensitivity depends on the particular shape and layout of the objects viewed. For example, judgments of the relative depths of points on a smoothly curved surface are less accurate than those for points in empty space. It has been argued that this occurs because depth relationships are represented accurately only within a local spatial area. A consequence of this is that, when judging the relative depths of points separated by depth maxima and minima, information must be integrated across separate local representations. This integration, by adding more stages of processing, might be expected to reduce the accuracy of depth judgements. We tested this idea directly by measuring how accurately human participants could report the relative depths of two dots, presented with different binocular disparities. In the first, Two Dot condition the two dots were presented in front of a square grid. In the second, Three Dot condition, an additional dot was presented midway between the target dots, at a range of depths, both nearer and further than the target dots. In the final, Surface condition, the target dots were placed on a smooth surface defined by binocular disparity cues. In some trials, this contained a depth maximum or minimum between the target dots. In the Three Dot condition, performance was impaired when the central dot was presented with a large disparity, in line with predictions. In the Surface condition, performance was worst when the midpoint of the surface was at a similar distance to the targets, and relatively unaffected when there was a large depth maximum or minimum present. These results are not consistent with the idea that depth order is represented only within a local spatial area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Depth Judgments on Smoothly Curved Surfaces

2016

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“…This term, literally meaning 'solid sight', refers to the characteristically vivid impression of solidity and depth, as for example is provided in stereoscopic 3D (S3D) [16,17]. It has been proposed that stereopsis is associated not with the magnitude of depth perceived in a scene, but rather with the precision and reliability with which depth is represented [7,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordinal judgments of depth in monocularly- and stereoscopically-viewed photographs of complex natural scenes

Hornsey

Hibbard

Scarfe

2015

2015 International Conference on 3D Imaging (IC3D)

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This study investigated the contribution of stereoscopic depth cues to the reliability of ordinal depth judgments in complex natural scenes. Participants viewed photographs of cluttered natural scenes, either monocularly or stereoscopically. On each trial, they judged which of two indicated points in the scene was closer in depth. We assessed the reliability of these judgments over repeated trials, and how well they correlated with the actual disparities of the points between the left and right eyes' views. The reliability of judgments increased as their depth separation increased, was higher when the points were on separate objects, and deteriorated for point pairs that were more widely separated in the image plane. Stereoscopic viewing improved sensitivity to depth for points on the same surface, but not for points on separate objects. Stereoscopic viewing thus provides depth information that is complementary to that available from monocular occlusion cues.

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“…Binocular cues cannot be assumed to yield a comprehensive depth map to every point in an image scene, nor can we assume that all available sources of data are combined in a way that produces a single unified spatial representation able to support all activities requiring quantitative judgements. One hypothesis is to consider data as being used to provide a plurality of spatial representations [26]. In this scenario, it is most likely that the presence or absence of spatial retinal disparities impacts in various ways on individual representations.…”

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confidence: 99%

On Alternative Approaches to 3D Image Perception: Monoscopic 3D Techniques

Blundell

2015

3D Res

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In the eighteenth century, techniques that enabled a strong sense of 3D perception to be experienced without recourse to binocular disparities (arising from the spatial separation of the eyes) underpinned the first significant commercial sales of 3D viewing devices and associated content. However following the advent of stereoscopic techniques in the nineteenth century, 3D image depiction has become inextricably linked to binocular parallax and outside the vision science and arts communities relatively little attention has been directed towards earlier approaches. Here we introduce relevant concepts and terminology and consider a number of techniques and optical devices that enable 3D perception to be experienced on the basis of planar images rendered from a single vantage point. Subsequently we allude to possible mechanisms for non-binocular parallax based 3D perception. Particular attention is given to reviewing areas likely to be thought-provoking to those involved in 3D display development, spatial visualization, HCI, and other related areas of interdisciplinary research. Graphical AbstractKeywords Stereopsis Á 3D perception Á Paradoxical monocular stereopsis Á Monocular 3D Á Plastic effect Á Stereoscopy by default 1 Introduction

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Can appearance be so deceptive? Representationalism and binocular vision

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Binocular Depth Judgments on Smoothly Curved Surfaces

Binocular Depth Judgments on Smoothly Curved Surfaces

Ordinal judgments of depth in monocularly- and stereoscopically-viewed photographs of complex natural scenes

On Alternative Approaches to 3D Image Perception: Monoscopic 3D Techniques

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