Can Anthropometry and Body Composition Explain Physical Fitness Levels in School-Aged Children?

Hsu, Chih-Yu; Chen, Liang-Sien; Chang, I-Jen; Fang, Wei-Ching; Huang, Sun-Weng; Lin, Rong-Ho; Ueng, Steve Wen–Neng; Chuang, Hai‐Hua

doi:10.3390/children8060460

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…All physical fitness measurements were performed following the guidelines of the Ministry of Education in Taiwan ( 39 ). The detailed protocol of physical fitness measurements had been reported previously ( 40 ). Professional physical coaches conducted the assessments and recorded the results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status

Chuang

Cherng

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundPediatric hypertension contributes to adulthood hypertension and target organ damage. Obesity is a well-known predictor for pediatric hypertension; however, the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) is unclear among children. This study aimed to compare the differences in demographics, anthropometrics, and physical fitness across BP subgroups and investigate whether physical fitness was related to pediatric hypertension independent of weight status.MethodsThis quantitative, cross-sectional study investigated demographic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and BP measures among 360 healthy school-aged children. Continuous variables were compared across BP subgroups with the one-way analysis of variance. Mediation and moderation analyses were used to explore the mechanism. Multivariable regression models were used to assess independent associations for hypertension.ResultsThere were 177 (49.2%), 37 (10.3%), and 146 (40.6%) children in the normotensive, elevated BP, and hypertensive subgroups, respectively. The hypertensive subgroup had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio percentiles and performed worse in 800-m run, standing long jump (SLJ), and 1-min sit-ups than the normotensive subgroup. Furthermore, the 800-m run percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) and sit and reach percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) mediated the relationship between the BMI percentile and systolic BP percentile; the SLJ percentile was directly associated with the diastolic BP percentile (β,−0.197, 95% confidence interval,−0.298−0.097; p < 0.001). The parsimonious model of multivariable regression models revealed that the SLJ percentile (adjusted exp (β), 0.992, 95% confidence interval, 0.985–0.999; p = 0.042) and BMI percentile (adjusted exp (β), 1.024, 95% confidence interval, 1.016–1.032; p < 0.001) were two independent predictors for pediatric hypertension.ConclusionPhysical fitness mediates the relationship between anthropometric and BP measures. The SLJ percentile is associated with pediatric hypertension independent of the BMI percentile. Proactive screening and health promotion for not only healthy weight status but also good physical fitness may be beneficial for BP control among school-aged students.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status

Chuang

Cherng

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

Self Cite

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“…Overweight in childhood has well-known harmful effects on general health, such as biological, physical, mental and social alterations [ 1 ]. Considering the detrimental health effects associated with body adiposity, it becomes crucial to monitor adiposity levels in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal relationship between screen time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference of children and adolescents: a 3-year cohort study

Lehnhard,

Sehn,

de Castro Silveira

et al. 2023

BMC Pediatr

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Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in their longitudinal association with waist circumference (WC) during a follow-up of 3 years from childhood to adolescence. Methods Observational 3-year longitudinal study with 401 students (224 females), seven to 15 years of age at baseline. The CRF was evaluated by estimating peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) from an indirect field-based test and body mass index. Screen time was assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Moderation analyses were tested using a multiple linear regression model with adjustments for sex, age, puberty stage, and ethnicity. Results A statistically significant interaction term was observed (B = -0.0003; 95% CI: -0.007; -0.0001). Since screen time was contextualized as the independent variable, the results show that relationship between screen time and WC varies across different CRF levels. Conclusion The findings suggest that higher CRF can attenuate the harmful association that increased sedentary behavior might have on abdominal adiposity.

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“…However, only 20% of youth follow the WHO PA guidelines ( Hardy et al, 2017 ). Low PA levels with excessive food intake result in an energy imbalance that could lead to overweight or obesity ( Hsu et al, 2021 ). Data from 12 European countries indicate prevalence rates of youth overweight (+1 SD from mean body mass index (BMI) z score) and obesity (+2 SD from mean BMI z score) ranging from 19.3 to 49.0% for overweight boys and 18.4–42.5% for girls as well as from 6.0 to 26.6% for obese boys and 4.6–17.3% for girls respectively ( Hruby and Hu, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Training Promotes Greater Gains on Body Composition and Components of Physical Fitness Than Single-Mode Training (Endurance or Resistance) in Youth With Obesity

et al. 2022

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The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population has become a major public health issue. Indeed, the dramatic increase of this epidemic causes multiple and harmful consequences, Physical activity, particularly physical exercise, remains to be the cornerstone of interventions against childhood obesity. Given the conflicting findings with reference to the relevant literature addressing the effects of exercise on adiposity and physical fitness outcomes in obese children and adolescents, the effect of duration-matched concurrent training (CT) [50% resistance (RT) and 50% high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)] on body composition and physical fitness in obese youth remains to be elucidated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9-weeks of CT compared to RT or HIIT alone, on body composition and selected physical fitness components in healthy sedentary obese youth. Out of 73 participants, only 37; [14 males and 23 females; age 13.4 ± 0.9 years; body-mass-index (BMI): 31.2 ± 4.8 kg·m-2] were eligible and randomized into three groups: HIIT (n = 12): 3-4 sets×12 runs at 80–110% peak velocity, with 10-s passive recovery between bouts; RT (n = 12): 6 exercises; 3–4 sets × 10 repetition maximum (RM) and CT (n = 13): 50% serial completion of RT and HIIT. CT promoted significant greater gains compared to HIIT and RT on body composition (p < 0.01, d = large), 6-min-walking test distance (6 MWT-distance) and on 6 MWT-VO2max (p < 0.03, d = large). In addition, CT showed substantially greater improvements than HIIT in the medicine ball throw test (20.2 vs. 13.6%, p < 0.04, d = large). On the other hand, RT exhibited significantly greater gains in relative hand grip strength (p < 0.03, d = large) and CMJ (p < 0.01, d = large) than HIIT and CT. CT promoted greater benefits for fat, body mass loss and cardiorespiratory fitness than HIIT or RT modalities. This study provides important information for practitioners and therapists on the application of effective exercise regimes with obese youth to induce significant and beneficial body composition changes. The applied CT program and the respective programming parameters in terms of exercise intensity and volume can be used by practitioners as an effective exercise treatment to fight the pandemic overweight and obesity in youth.

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Can Anthropometry and Body Composition Explain Physical Fitness Levels in School-Aged Children?

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status

Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status

Longitudinal relationship between screen time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference of children and adolescents: a 3-year cohort study

Concurrent Training Promotes Greater Gains on Body Composition and Components of Physical Fitness Than Single-Mode Training (Endurance or Resistance) in Youth With Obesity

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