Can Airflow Manipulation Disrupt the Transmission of COVID-19 Variants and Highly Infectious Droplets?

Abstract

In the ongoing battle against new variants of COVID-19 and airborne-transmitted diseases, the focus on indoor air quality, particularly in enclosed spaces, has intensified. This study utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling to investigate how different air distribution setups can impact the spread of airborne COVID-19 particles. Air distribution systems are at the forefront of this research, specifically examining supply and exhaust diffuser placements and their effects on droplet dispersion dynamics. Results reveal a promising reduction (10–21%) in residual droplet mass over a 10-second period when exhaust diffusers are strategically located above cough sources. This underscores the pivotal role of ventilation design in curbing airborne transmission. Furthermore, the analysis sheds light on variations (2.7–8.9%) in droplet Sauter mean diameter across different configurations, underscoring the significance of airflow patterns in dictating droplet size distribution and infection control efficacy. The study also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social distancing measures, showcasing a substantial decrease (82–89%) in viral concentration at a 2-meter distance, despite ventilation imperfections. In summary, this study highlights the critical role of ventilation design in combating airborne COVID-19 transmission within office environments. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing airflow patterns, enhancing overall safety measures, and informing effective strategies to tackle the pandemic.