“…Despite the presence of multiple plausible patterns of the relationship between education and authoritarian attitudes, the close relationship between the two is so clear, and literature suggests that 'there is no more important determinant of authoritarianism than (lack of) education (Stenner 2005, p. 154). In addition, studies that employ an innovated empirical method to specify causality support the conclusion that education has a causal effect on cognitive inclination such as support for democracy, liberalism, and authoritarian attitudes (Jung and Gil 2019;Preston, Feinstein, and Anderson 2005).…”