Can active sands generate dust particles by wind-induced processes?

Swet, Nitzan; Elperin, T.; Kok, Jasper F.; Martin, Raleigh L.; Yizhaq, Hezi; Katra, Itzhak

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.013

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, sparse grasslands and coppice dunes have relatively high proportions of clay and silt (~2.8%-4.2%), and thereby produce sustained and high-magnitude emissions facilitated by strong saltation (Figure 4a). Bullard et al, 2004;Bullard and White, 2005;Swet et al, 2019). However, it should be noted that a significant proportion of fines can be generated in dune systems by removal of iron oxides and clay coatings from the surfaces of sand grains during continuous saltation (e.g.…”

Section: Landform Type and Dust Emission Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be noted that a significant proportion of fines can be generated in dune systems by removal of iron oxides and clay coatings from the surfaces of sand grains during continuous saltation (e.g. Bullard et al, 2004;Bullard and White, 2005;Swet et al, 2019). Finer-textured stone pavements and dense grasslands are characterized by emissions that attenuate over time (Figure 4c), as the sediment availability is limited due to soil aggregation and the sheltering effects of gravel and vegetation.…”

Section: Landform Type and Dust Emission Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the effect of geomorphology on aeolian dust emission potential in northern China

Cui

Wiggs

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Representation of dust sources remains a key challenge in quantifying the dust cycle and its environmental and climatic impacts. Direct measurements of dust fluxes from different landform types are useful in understanding the nature of dust emission and characterizing the dynamics of soil erodibility. In this study we used the PI‐SWERL® instrument over a seasonal cycle to quantify the potential for PM10 (particles with diameter ≤10 μm) emission from several typical landform types across the Tengger Desert and Mu Us Sandy Land, northern China. Our results indicate that sparse grasslands and coppice dunes showed relatively high emission potentials, with emitted fluxes ranging from 10−1 to 101 mg m−2 s−1. These values were up to five times those emitted from sand dunes, and one to two orders of magnitude greater than the emissions from dry lake beds, stone pavements and dense grasslands. Generally, PM10 emission fluxes were seen to peak in the spring months, with significant reductions in summer and autumn (by up to 95%), and in winter (by up to 98%). Variations in soil moisture were likely a primary controlling factor responsible for this seasonality in PM10 emission. Our data provide a relative quantification of differences in dust emission potential from several key landform types. Such data allow for the evaluation of current dust source schemes proposed by prior researchers. Moreover, our data will allow improvements in properly characterizing the erodibility of dust source regions and hence refine the parameterization of dust emission in climate models. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Landform Type and Dust Emission Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landform Type and Dust Emission Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the effect of geomorphology on aeolian dust emission potential in northern China

Cui

Wiggs

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…However, it seems that processes other than aeolian abrasion governed the Holocene dust supply and silt deposition may have been a result of medium-range transport [23]. From wind tunnel experiments, Swet, N. et al [24] reported that strong winds led to an erosion of clay coatings of sand particles and the mobilization of silt stored in-between sand grains, but less to the abrasion of quartz grain sand to coarse silt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Character, Rates, and Environmental Significance of Holocene Dust Accumulation in Archaeological Hilltop Ruins in the Southern Levant

et al. 2019

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Loess accumulated in the Negev desert during the Pleistocene and primary and secondary loess remains cover large parts of the landscape. Holocene loess deposits are however absent. This could be due low accumulation rates, lack of preservation, and higher erosion rates in comparison to the Pleistocene. This study hypothesized that archaeological ruins preserve Holocene dust. We studied soils developed on archaeological hilltop ruins in the Negev and the Petra region and compared them with local soils, paleosols, geological outcrops, and current dust. Seven statistically modeled grain size end-members were identified and demonstrate that the ruin soils in both regions consist of mixtures of local and remote sediment sources that differ from dust compositions deposited during current storms. This discrepancy is attributed to fixation processes connected with sediment-fixing agents such as vegetation, biocrusts, and/or clast pavements associated with vesicular layers. Average dust accretion rates in the ruins are estimated to be~0.14 mm/a, suggesting that 30% of the current dust that can be trapped with dry marble dust collectors has been stored in the ruin soils. Deposition amounts and grain sizes do not significantly correlate with wind intensity. However, precipitation may have contributed to dust accretion. A snowstorm in the Petra region delivered a significantly higher amount of sediment than rain or dry deposition. Snowfall dust had a unique particle size distribution relatively similar to the ruin soils. Wet deposition and snow might catalyze dust deposition and enhance fixation by fostering vegetation and crust formation. More frequent snowfall during the Pleistocene may have been an important mechanism of primary loess deposition in the southern Levant.

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“…The relative importance of the four physical processes depends largely on soil texture and composition: soil aggregate breakage is likely most important for soils with a large fraction of fine (clay-and silt-sized) grains (Shao, 2008;Kok et al, 2012;Swet and Katra, 2016), whereas removal of mineral coatings and aeolian abrasion might be more important for sandy soils (Kuenen, 1960;Bullard et al, 2004Bullard et al, , 2007Jerolmack et al, 2011;Crouvi et al, 2012). Many dust models use preferential source functions to identify emissions in regions with a large content of fine grains held in soil aggregates, which are implicitly used as a proxy for dust emissions through aggregate fragmentation (Ginoux et al, 2001;Tegen et al, 2002;Zender et al, 2003). As a consequence, dust models weigh emissions heavily towards non-sandy soils, and sandy soils are not treated as important dust sources in most current models (Shao et al, 1993;Ginoux et al, 2001;Tegen et al, 2002;Zender et al, 2003;Ito and Kok, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many dust models use preferential source functions to identify emissions in regions with a large content of fine grains held in soil aggregates, which are implicitly used as a proxy for dust emissions through aggregate fragmentation (Ginoux et al, 2001;Tegen et al, 2002;Zender et al, 2003). As a consequence, dust models weigh emissions heavily towards non-sandy soils, and sandy soils are not treated as important dust sources in most current models (Shao et al, 1993;Ginoux et al, 2001;Tegen et al, 2002;Zender et al, 2003;Ito and Kok, 2017). Although current models do not treat active sands (i.e., sands with active saltation transport; Swet et al, 2019) as major dust sources, recent remote sensing observations found a higher correlation between dust emission events and wind strength over dune-covered surfaces than over many other geomorphic units of the Sahara Desert, the Chihuahuan Desert, the Lake Eyre basin, and the Taklamakan Desert Bullard et al, 2011;Crouvi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Sand dunes and other active sands generally have a low content of fine grains and, therefore, are not considered to be major dust sources in current climate models. However, recent remote sensing studies have indicated that a surprisingly large fraction of dust storms are generated from regions covered by sand dunes, leading these studies to propose that sand dunes might be globally relevant sources of dust. To help understand dust emissions from sand dunes and other active sands, we present in situ field measurements of dust emission under natural saltation from a coastal sand sheet at Oceano Dunes in California. We find that saltation drives dust emissions from this setting that are on the low end of the range in emissions produced by non-sandy soils for similar wind speed. Laboratory analyses of sand samples suggest that these emissions are produced by aeolian abrasion of feldspars and removal of clay-mineral coatings on sand grain surfaces. We further find that this emitted dust is substantially finer than dust emitted from non-sandy soils, which could enhance its downwind impacts on human health, the hydrological cycle, and climate.

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Can active sands generate dust particles by wind-induced processes?

Cited by 47 publications

References 49 publications

Quantifying the effect of geomorphology on aeolian dust emission potential in northern China

Quantifying the effect of geomorphology on aeolian dust emission potential in northern China

Character, Rates, and Environmental Significance of Holocene Dust Accumulation in Archaeological Hilltop Ruins in the Southern Levant

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

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