Can a leopard change its spots? The effects of implicit theories of personality on forgiveness via attributions of behavioral stability

Iwai, Tatiana; Carvalho, João Vinícius de França

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109800

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The main justification for inducing ISTs, as opposed to measuring them as chronic orientations, was based on the findings of [3], who showed that MTurk workers who self-selected to take part in a study about robots, were prominently skewed in the direction of the incremental theory. This observation is not new and has been noted by other researchers from different domains [see 49,56,99,57], suggesting that entity theorists might be less likely to participate in research studies than incremental theorists. Correspondingly, we sought to obtain a more theory-balanced sample.…”

Section: A Overviewsupporting

confidence: 63%

Better than Us: The Role of Implicit Self-Theories in Determining Perceived Threat Responses in HRI

Allan

Vonasch

Bartneck

2022

2022 17th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

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Robots that are capable of outperforming human beings on mental and physical tasks provoke perceptions of threat. In this article we propose that implicit self-theory (core beliefs about the malleability of self-attributes, such as intelligence) is a determinant of whether one person experiences threat perception to a greater degree than another. We test for this possibility in a novel experiment in which participants watched a video of an apparently autonomous intelligent robot defeating human quiz players in a general knowledge game. Following the video, participants received either social comparison feedback, improvement-oriented feedback, or no feedback, and were then given the opportunity to play against the robot. We show that those who adopt a malleable self-theory (incremental theorists) are more likely to play against a robot after imagining losing to it, as well as exhibit more favorable responses and less identity threats than entity theorists (those adopting a fixed self-theory). Moreover, entity theorists (vs. incremental theorists) perceive autonomous intelligent robots to be significantly more threatening (both in terms of realistic and identity threats). These findings offer novel theoretical and practical implications, in addition to enriching the HRI literature by demonstrating that implicit selftheory is, in fact, an influential variable underpinning perceived threat.

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Section: A Overviewsupporting

confidence: 63%

Better than Us: The Role of Implicit Self-Theories in Determining Perceived Threat Responses in HRI

Allan

Vonasch

Bartneck

2022

2022 17th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

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“…Our letter-writing task in Study 4 suggests that most victims may be able to at least initiate the process of forgiveness by taking some time to actively release resentment and offer goodwill to the transgressor. Additional work suggests that creating opportunities to build empathy (see Worthington et al, 2000) or positive emotional capital in close relationships (e.g., sharing leisure activities or laughing together; Walsh & Neff, 2020) can foster forgiveness, and that promoting growth (vs. fixed) mindsets of personality can curtail revenge (Yeager et al, 2014) and promote forgiveness (Iwai & de França Carvalho, 2020). Thus, it appears that victims can engage in experiences or call on certain mindsets that facilitate a path toward forgiving their transgressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehumanizing the self after victimization: The roles of forgiveness versus revenge.

Schumann

Walton²

2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Everyday maltreatments can threaten people's basic sense of being human. Can victims restore their sense of humanness after it has been damaged by an offense and, if so, how? Four studies compared forgiving and taking revenge as responses to victimization. In Study 1, participants recalled a time they either forgave or took revenge against someone who had hurt them. In Studies 2 and 3, they imagined being victimized by a coworker and then either forgiving or taking revenge against him. In Study 4, they wrote either a forgiving or a vengeful letter to a transgressor who had committed an offense against them. Each methodology revealed that, compared with revenge, forgiveness was more effective at rehumanizing the self; indeed, forgiveness produced feelings of humanness that nearly exceeded levels experienced by nonvictimized participants (Study 3). Studies 3 and 4 also provided evidence that perceiving 1's forgiveness as moral contributes to a restored sense of humanness. Study 4 further revealed important downstream predictive consequences of a restored sense of self-humanity following forgiveness-less self-harm, a greater sense of belonging to the human community, and greater importance of one's moral identity. Extending past research on the benefits of forgiveness, this work highlights the agency that victims have to repair their humanness in the wake of a dehumanizing offense.

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“…Also, greater perceptions of partner responsibility for transgressions were related to less forgiveness, and less-blaming male partners had more-forgiving female partners (Friesen et al, 2005). Similarly, in a sample of adult workers, Iwai and Carvalho (2020) revealed that attributions of behavioral stability to the offender play a mediating role in the relationship between implicit theories and forgiveness, while stability attributions do not decrease the victims' desires to seek revenge against offenders. Generally, attributions may impact on explaining an event-causal attributions-or assigning accountability-responsibility attributions-for an event (Fincham, 2001).…”

Section: Association Of Forgiveness With Cognitive Appraisals Of Intementioning

confidence: 91%

Work Interpersonal Relationships: Cognitive Appraisals and the Prediction of Dispositional Forgiveness and Satisfaction of Life and Work

Στεφάνου¹,

Giorgali²

2020

PSYCH

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Can a leopard change its spots? The effects of implicit theories of personality on forgiveness via attributions of behavioral stability

Cited by 12 publications

References 66 publications

Better than Us: The Role of Implicit Self-Theories in Determining Perceived Threat Responses in HRI

Better than Us: The Role of Implicit Self-Theories in Determining Perceived Threat Responses in HRI

Rehumanizing the self after victimization: The roles of forgiveness versus revenge.

Work Interpersonal Relationships: Cognitive Appraisals and the Prediction of Dispositional Forgiveness and Satisfaction of Life and Work

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