Campylobacter Virulence Factors and Molecular Host–Pathogen Interactions

Cortactin: A universal host cytoskeletal target of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial pathogens

“…Campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen and the primary reason of a bacterial foodborne disease named campylobacteriosis (Heimesaat et al, 2021). The cellular invasion has been described as the main cause of gut tissue damage induced by the pathogen (Tegtmeyer et al, 2021b). An important virulence factor is the adhesin CadF ( Campylobacter adhesin to fibronectin), which activates Cdc42 and Rac1 to trigger actin‐cytoskeletal rearrangements and bacterial uptake (Boehm et al, 2011; Krause‐Gruszczynska et al, 2011; Negretti et al, 2021).…”

Genomic characterization of molecular markers associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence of the prevalent Campylobacter coli isolated from retail chicken meat in the United Arab Emirates

“…The cytolethal-distending toxins (CDT), encoded by the cdtABC operon, was present in 88.8% (40/45) of the isolates. Previous studies have indicated a similarly high prevalence of CDT in Campylobacter recovered from patients with life-threatening diarrhea ( Tegtmeyer et al, 2021 ). Additionally, about half (53.3% (24/45)) of the characterized C. coli isolates carried type 4 secretion system (T4SS) genes: virB4 , virB8 , virB9 , virB10 , and virD4 .…”

Delivery, structure, and function of bacterial genotoxins

“…The genome of C. jejuni is approximately half of the genomes of other enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella spp . Consistently, C. jejuni encodes a simpler set of virulent factors, including CDT, lipooligosaccharide (LOS), HtrA, CadF, and fT3SS [ 15 ], and CjCDT is an only exotoxin produced by C. jejuni [ 13 ]. CjCDT induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M and nucleus distending [ 16 ].…”