Campylobacter jejuni motility integrates specialized cell shape, flagellar filament, and motor, to coordinate action of its opposed flagella

Cohen, Eli J; Nakane, Daisuke; Kabata, Yoshiki; Hendrixson, David R.; Nishizaka, Takayuki; Beeby, Morgan

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008620

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…During a wrapping mode, however, a polar flagellum or a polar flagellar bundle coils around the cell body, and the cell swims in a new direction at a very slow speed, which is distinguished from the conventional run modes. The improved imaging techniques enable to observe the wrapped configuration in some species such as Pseudomonas putida 2 , 14 , Shewanella putrefaciens 3 , 13 , Helicobacter suis 15 , Campylobacter jejuni 16 , Burkholderia sp. and Aliivibrio fischeri 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of lophotrichous bacteria reveals key factors for swimming reorientation

Park

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Lophotrichous bacteria swim through fluid by rotating their flagellar bundle extended collectively from one pole of the cell body. Cells experience modes of motility such as push, pull, and wrapping, accompanied by pauses of motor rotation in between. We present a mathematical model of a lophotrichous bacterium and investigate the hydrodynamic interaction of cells to understand their swimming mechanism. We classify the swimming modes which vary depending on the bending modulus of the hook and the magnitude of applied torques on the motor. Given the hook’s bending modulus, we find that there exist corresponding critical thresholds of the magnitude of applied torques that separate wrapping from pull in CW motor rotation, and overwhirling from push in CCW motor rotation, respectively. We also investigate reoriented directions of cells in three-dimensional perspectives as the cell experiences different series of swimming modes. Our simulations show that the transition from a wrapping mode to a push mode and pauses in between are key factors to determine a new path and that the reoriented direction depends upon the start time and duration of the pauses. It is also shown that the wrapping mode may help a cell to escape from the region where the cell is trapped near a wall.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of lophotrichous bacteria reveals key factors for swimming reorientation

Park

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) are very variable VFs and play critical roles in the adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells and in serum resistance and colonization ( Richards et al, 2013 ; Islam et al, 2018 ; Hameed et al, 2020 ). A total of 37 flagella genes (∼25%) showed up in the core VF sets, which play vital roles in the rotation and switching of the bacterial flagella and are conducive to adhesion and biofilm formation ( Paul et al, 2011 ; Burnham and Hendrixson, 2018 ; Cohen et al, 2020 ). In addition, the flagellar protein export apparatus was proven as a type III export system of C. jejuni and required the secretion of the Campylobacter invasion antigens (Cia proteins), which play roles in C. jejuni motility and host cell invasion ( Konkel et al, 2004 ; Neal-McKinney and Konkel, 2012 ; Samuelson et al, 2013 ; Negretti et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Approach Reveals the Potential Core Vaccine Targets for the Emerging Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

Cao

Cai

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans around the world. The emergence of bacterial resistance is becoming more serious; therefore, development of new vaccines is considered to be an alternative strategy against drug-resistant pathogen. In this study, we investigated the pangenome of 173 C. jejuni strains and analyzed the phylogenesis and the virulence factor genes. In order to acquire a high-quality pangenome, genomic relatedness was firstly performed with average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses, and an open pangenome of 8,041 gene families was obtained with the correct taxonomy genomes. Subsequently, the virulence property of the core genome was analyzed and 145 core virulence factor (VF) genes were obtained. Upon functional genomics and immunological analyses, five core VF proteins with high antigenicity were selected as potential core vaccine targets for humans. Furthermore, functional annotations indicated that these proteins are involved in important molecular functions and biological processes, such as adhesion, regulation, and secretion. In addition, transcriptome analysis in human cells and pig intestinal loop proved that these vaccine target genes are important in the virulence of C. jejuni in different hosts. Comprehensive pangenome and relevant animal experiments will facilitate discovering the potential core vaccine targets with improved efficiency in reverse vaccinology. Likewise, this study provided some insights into the genetic polymorphism and phylogeny of C. jejuni and discovered potential vaccine candidates for humans. Prospective development of new vaccines using the targets will be an alternative to the use of antibiotics and prevent the development of multidrug-resistant C. jejuni in humans and even other animals.

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“…Under "standard DNA uptake conditions" using brain heart infusion (BHI), nearly half of the bacteria (49.1 ± 2.2%) showed active DNA uptake within 30 min of uptake period (Figure 2). When C. jejuni were pre-incubated for 10 min with 250 µM of the protonophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP), which abolishes the proton gradient across the inner membrane [33], DNA uptake capacity was completely lost (Figure 2). Furthermore, we limited the nutrient supply by incubation of competent cells for 2 h in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) under microaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Dna Uptake In C Jejuni Occurs At Distinct Locations Is Dna Substrate Specific and Energy-dependentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Take It or Leave It”—Factors Regulating Competence Development and DNA Uptake in Campylobacter jejuni

Golz¹,

Stingl²

2021

IJMS

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Campylobacter jejuni has a large adaptive potential due to enormous genetic exchange. Factors regulating natural transformation in this food-borne pathogen are largely unknown but of interest for the application of sustained reduction strategies in the food-processing industry. Using a single cell DNA uptake assay, we visualized that recognition of methylated C. jejuni DNA was essential for the first step of DNA uptake into a DNase resistant state. Transformation rates using a resistance marker correlated with the fraction of competent bacteria, harboring one to maximally four locations of active DNA uptake, not necessarily being located at the cell pole. Competence developed with rising pH between 6.5 and 7.5 under microaerobic conditions and was nearly insensitive towards growth temperatures between 32 °C and 42 °C, CO2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 50% and growth rates. However, competence development was abolished at pH 5 or under aerobic stress conditions, in which the bacteria ceased growth but fully survived. The DNA uptake machinery in competent bacteria shut down at slightly acidic pH and was reversibly switched on upon neutralization. It was dependent on the proton motive force and, in contrast to competence development, slightly enhanced under aerobic conditions. The results suggest that natural transformation in C. jejuni occurs in the neutral and microaerobic intestinal environment for enhanced genetic diversity and pre-adaption before host switch. In addition, highly competent bacteria might be shed into the environment, still able to acquire genetic material for increased survival.

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Campylobacter jejuni motility integrates specialized cell shape, flagellar filament, and motor, to coordinate action of its opposed flagella

Cited by 50 publications

References 52 publications

Modeling of lophotrichous bacteria reveals key factors for swimming reorientation

Modeling of lophotrichous bacteria reveals key factors for swimming reorientation

Multi-Omics Approach Reveals the Potential Core Vaccine Targets for the Emerging Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

“Take It or Leave It”—Factors Regulating Competence Development and DNA Uptake in Campylobacter jejuni

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