Camptodactyly and Clinodactyly – New Understanding of Known Deformities

Abstract

Camptodactyly and clinodactyly are most commonly considered just cosmetic defects, but they can pose a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, mainly because of their apparently similar clinical presentation. For years, experts have been arguing over definitions, descriptions, and therapeutic approaches to these deformities, with some favoring surgical approach, some advocating conservative treatment, while others are prone to use a combination of the aforementioned approaches. This article provides an overview of the current literature on two different entities, with emphasis on differences in clinical presentation and treatment modalities. This may improve the understanding and recognition of these deformities in children, and help the attending physician select the most appropriate therapy for the individual patient.

Eighth case of Li‐Campeau syndrome in a Turkish patient caused by a novel pathogenic variant in UBR7 and expanding the phenotype

“…The pathogenesis of camptodactyly is not fully defined. (Wang et al, 2020) It can be isolated or seen in some genetic syndromes like Freeman‐Sheldon syndome, Camptodactyly Arthropathy Coxa Vara Pericarditis (CACP) (Matošević et al, 2022) and Mental Retardation Autosomal Recessive 65 (OMIM#618109) (Faundes et al, 2018). Developmental delay, as a key feature, was present in all previously reported patients with LICAS.…”

Macrocephaly and Finger Changes: A Narrative Review

“…Polydactyly may be found along with enlarged head in several syndromes (Table 1). Camptodactyly refers to flexural deviation in the proximal interphalangeal joint, while clinodactyly to the deviation in the radioulnar plan distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint [26]. Finger tapering is defined as the gradual reduction in girth of the digit from proximal to distal [27].…”

A Complex Case of Clino-Syndactyly with Fourth Metacarpal Aplasia

“…Cooney’s classification system differentiates between simple and complex clinodactyly and takes into account the curvature (deviation in degrees) and the involvement of surrounding tissues [ 12 , 15 , 16 ]. The most recent classification expanded by Ali et al is based on the severity of angular deviation [ 11 , 12 , 16 , 17 ]. The condition most commonly affects the middle phalanx of the fifth digit, as well as the proximal phalanx of the first and second fingers.…”

“…The aetiology is still not fully understood. It commonly affects males, frequently bilaterally, and has an occurrence rate ranging from 2% to 19% [ 11 , 12 , 17 , 18 ]. The malformation has been linked to numerous syndromic anomalies, namely, Klinefelter syndrome, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, Fanconi anaemia, Cenani–Lenz syndactyly, and Turner syndrome, and is found in approximately 25% of children with Down syndrome [ 11 ].…”

“…The presence of a delta phalanx occurs when there is early and complete ossification of the physeal plate, leading to disrupted or restricted growth of the affected digit. In some cases, traumatic injuries of the plate can result in an acquired case of clinodactyly [ 11 , 12 , 17 , 19 ].…”