Camps as Social Work Interventions: Returning to Our Roots

Abstract

This article argues for restoration of the value of camping programs as effective social work interventions. Therapeutic camp programs provide a unique intervention through which vulnerable children and youth may make gains in their emotional and social functioning while having fun with peers. An evaluation of a camp program for children and adolescents with learning disabilities and psychosocial problems offers a compelling illustration of how camp can provide an effective context for social group work interventions. Evaluative findings are presented, along with campers' and parents' impressions of the program. Therapeutic camp programs link new approaches with enduring social work principles that reflect social work's roots.

Concept Mapping Analysis of Social Skills Camp Experience for Children with Disabilities

“…The focus prompt used in this study was oriented to benefits, but the volume and breadth of the ideas generated suggests a comprehensive impact that was readily articulated by the participants. Second, our findings are consistent with the benefits documented in inclusive camps literature (Kiveal, 2013, McAvoy et al, 2006Mishna et al, 2001;Scholl et al, 2003, Walker et al, 2010. These include social skills (Cushner-Weinsteine et al, 2007;Dawson & Liddicott, 2009, Lopata et al, 2010Walker et al, 2010), competence, and independence (e.g., Dawson & Liddicoat, 2009;Hill & Sibthorp, 2006;Pulgaron et al, 2010).…”

“…Inclusive camps focus on including children with disabilities in mainstream activities (e.g. hiking, campfires, and sports) alongside their counterparts without disabilities (Kiveal, 2013;McAvoy, Smith, & Rynders, 2006;Mishna, Michalski, & Cummings, 2001;Scholl, McAvoy, Rynders, & Smith, 2003;Walker et al, 2010). Children with and without disabilities therefore interact in a single camp setting (McAvoy et al, 2006).…”

Evaluation of a Therapeutic Camp Program for Adolescents with a Facial Difference

“…Reported benefits include enhanced social competence, self-confidence and self-esteem, and decreased sense of isolation (Mishna et al, 2001). The use of social group work in a camp setting to address psychosocial needs for adolescents with CFDs and other populations within pediatric health care is a promising intervention that complements other forms of social work intervention.…”

“…A variety of articles address camp experience for children and adolescents with specific health-related conditions (Epstein, 2004;Williams et al, 2004;Martiniuk, 2003;Michalski et al, 2003;Mishna et al, 2001;Sawin et al, 2001;Warady, 1994). This literature suggests that a group intervention in camp for participants with special needs allows for physical safety in pursuing socio-emotional goals.…”

“…The literature demonstrates that the camp experience can provide a safe, fun, and experiential environment where children and adolescents who are vulnerable due to various medical conditions can grow and develop both socially and emotionally (Mishna et al, 2001;Michalski et al, 2003;Williams et al, 2004). Group processes within camp settings contribute to beneficial outcomes such as increased self-esteem and improved social skills (Kelk, 1994;Collins, 2003).…”