Camphor-based CCR5 blocker lead compounds – a computational and experimental approach

Justino, Gonçalo C.; Pinheiro, Pedro F.; Roseiro, Alexandra P. S.; Knittel, Ana S O; Gonçalves, João; Justino, Marta C.; Carvalho, M. Fernanda N. N.

doi:10.1039/c6ra09627a

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…(1 R )-(+)-camphor ( Figure 2 ) is a natural product (also produced by synthetic means) with very ancient applications as an insect repellent, muscular relaxant, and anesthetic [ 31 , 32 ] and is currently used as a cough suppressant and decongestant according to conditions established by the Food and Drug Administration. Recent studies show that camphor derivatives may also have relevant antimicrobial [ 33 ], antiviral [ 34 , 35 ], and/or cytotoxic properties [ 36 ], being also used as photoinitiators [ 37 ] or neuro-blocking agents [ 38 ]. However, in contrast with some knowledge of silver antibacterial mechanisms, such knowledge is inexistent in the case of camphor or camphor derivatives.…”

Section: The Biological Properties Of Camphormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies carried out so far evidence that all silver camphor imine complexes display biological activity that, according to the structural and electronic characteristics of the ligands, favors antibacterial, antifungal, and/or anticancer activity [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In some cases, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity combine in the same complex [ 42 , 44 ].…”

Section: Silver Camphorimine Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silver Camphor Imine Complexes: Novel Antibacterial Compounds from Old Medicines

et al. 2018

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The emergence of bacterial resistance to available antimicrobials has prompted the search for novel antibacterial compounds to overcome this public health problem. Metal-based complexes have been much less explored than organic compounds as antimicrobials, leading to investigations of the antimicrobial properties of selected complexes in which silver may occupy the frontline due to its use as medicine since ancient times. Like silver, camphor has also long been used for medicinal purposes. However, in both cases, limited information exists concerning the mechanisms of their antimicrobial action. This work reviews the present knowledge of the antimicrobial properties of camphor-derived silver complexes, focusing on recent research on the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of complexes based on silver and camphor imines. Selected examples of the structure and antimicrobial activity relationships of ligands studied so far are presented, showing the potential of silver camphorimine complexes as novel antimicrobials.

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Section: The Biological Properties Of Camphormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Silver Camphorimine Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Camphor Imine Complexes: Novel Antibacterial Compounds from Old Medicines

et al. 2018

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“…as anesthetic, muscular relaxant or insect repellent, either the compound itself or as part of natural products [ 23 – 25 ]. Information on the antimicrobial applications of camphor are scarce, although studies showed that camphorimine derivatives have antiviral properties against HIV [ 26 ] or influenza virus [ 27 ]. In addition, previous results obtained by us on the assessment of the antibacterial activity of camphorimine Ag(I) complexes showed that some have MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values considerably lower than AgNO 3 [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ag(I) camphorimine complexes with antimicrobial activity towards clinically important bacteria and species of the Candida genus

et al. 2017

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The present work follows a previous report describing the antibacterial activity of silver camphorimine complexes of general formula [Ag(NO3)L]. The synthesis and demonstration of the antifungal and antibacterial activity of three novel [Ag(NO3)L] complexes (named 1, 2 and 3) is herein demonstrated. This work also shows for the first time that the previously studied complexes (named 4 to 8) also exert antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity of complexes was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia contaminans and Escherichia coli strains, while antifungal activity was tested against the Candida species C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes ranged from very high (complex 4) to moderate (complex 6) or low (complex 8), depending on the structural and electronic characteristics of the camphorimine ligands. Notably, the highest antibacterial and anti-Candida activities do not coincide in the same complex and in some cases they were even opposite, as is the case of complex 4 which exhibits a high anti-bacterial and low antifungal activity. These distinct results suggest that the complexes may have different mechanisms against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The antifungal activity of the Ag(I) camphorimine complexes (in particular of complex 1) was found to be very high (MIC = 2 μg/mL) against C. parapsilosis, being also registered a prominent activity against C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. None of the tested compounds inhibited C. albicans growth, being this attributed to the ability of these yeast cells to mediate the formation of less toxic Ag nanoparticles, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy images. The high antibacterial and anti-Candida activities of the here studied camphorimine complexes, especially of complexes 1 and 7, suggests a potential therapeutic application for these compounds.

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“…Nowadays, this still seems one of the most promising therapeutic approaches to treat HIV-1 infection in support of the Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diazabicyclo analogues of maraviroc: synthesis, modeling, NMR studies and antiviral activity

et al. 2017

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Camphor-based CCR5 blocker lead compounds – a computational and experimental approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Silver Camphor Imine Complexes: Novel Antibacterial Compounds from Old Medicines

Silver Camphor Imine Complexes: Novel Antibacterial Compounds from Old Medicines

Ag(I) camphorimine complexes with antimicrobial activity towards clinically important bacteria and species of the Candida genus

Diazabicyclo analogues of maraviroc: synthesis, modeling, NMR studies and antiviral activity

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