Camera traps and mark‐resight models: The value of ancillary data for evaluating assumptions

Abstract

Unbiased estimators of abundance and density are fundamental to the study of animal ecology and critical for making sound management decisions. Capture-recapture models are generally considered the most robust approach for estimating these parameters but rely on a number of assumptions that are often violated but rarely validated. Mark-resight models, a form of capture-recapture, are well suited for use with noninvasive sampling methods and allow for a number of assumptions to be relaxed. We used ancillary data from continuous video and radio telemetry to evaluate the assumptions of mark-resight models for abundance estimation on a barrier island raccoon (Procyon lotor) population using camera traps. Our island study site was geographically closed, allowing us to estimate real survival and in situ recruitment in addition to population size. We found several sources of bias due to heterogeneity of capture probabilities in our study, including camera placement, animal movement, island physiography, and animal behavior. Almost all sources of heterogeneity could be accounted for using the sophisticated mark-resight models developed by McClintock et al. (2009b) and this model generated estimates similar to a spatially explicit mark-resight model previously developed for this population during our study. Spatially explicit capture-recapture models have become an important tool in ecology and confer a number of advantages; however, non-spatial models that account for inherent individual heterogeneity may perform nearly as well, especially where immigration and emigration are limited. Non-spatial models are computationally less demanding, do not make implicit assumptions related to the isotropy of home ranges, and can provide insights with respect to the biological traits of the local population. Ó 2015 The Wildlife Society.

Integrating video and genetic data to estimate annual age‐structured apparent survival of American black bears

“…Estimating demographic parameters requires accurate identification of individuals, which is nearly impossible using still photo data when individuals do not have distinct natural or artificial markings (Mace et al, 1994). However, continuous video data are significantly more effective than still photo data for identifying individuals (Higashide et al, 2013; Parsons et al, 2015; Reyes et al, 2017).…”

How many feral cats can be individually identified from camera trap images? Population monitoring, ecological utility and camera trap settings

“…Reliable estimates of population sizes, trends in response to control and demographic parameters are critical for devising appropriate control programmes for invasive animal removal and determining the density to damage relationships for economic break-even points for investment in control for conservation gains (Caughley 1980;Hone 1994). For some of these management questions and sampling deployments, mark-recapture estimators of density and population parameters have utility (Parsons et al 2015). Feral cats lend themselves to such estimators and minimum known alive indices because of their individual markings (e.g.…”