Camellia oleifera shell powder and palm kernel meal as an environmentally-friendly, low-cost compound filler in MUF adhesive for plywood preparation

Yang, Zhengyong; Duan, Zhigang; Yan, Shi; Wu, Haizhu; Huang, Hui; He, Lei; Essawy, Hisham; Huang, Heming; Zhou, Xiaojian; Chen, Xinyi

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103648

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, according to Liu et al [9], the search for alternatives is gaining a lot of attention due to the waste of grain resources that could be used in the food industry. It is estimated that 1.5-2.0 million tons of flour were introduced as a filler in plywood production in 2021 [10]. Various types of waste biomass, which have not yet found a wider industrial application, may be considered as a promising alternative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, according to Hejna et al [14], using lignocellulosic wastes from agricultural and food industries in the form of various husks, shells and leaves as the fillers for polymeric matrixes is an interesting concept that has recently been getting a lot of attention. In the case of UF adhesive-bonded plywood production, previously conducted research concerned, for example, chestnut shells [15], Camellia oleifera shells [10], scallop shells [16], walnut shells [17], pecan shells [18], macadamia shells [19], rice husks [20], etc. However, the results of the majority of these studies show that replacing flour with the ground lignocellulosic biomass usually contributes to the reduction in the strength characteristics of the produced plywood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Buckwheat Husk as a Filler for Urea–Formaldehyde Resin in Plywood Production

Kawalerczyk,

Walkiewicz,

Sedliačik

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The aim of the presented research was to determine the suitability of both non-modified and modified buckwheat husk (BH) as a filler for urea–formaldehyde adhesive in plywood production. The effect of two modification methods, acetylation and silanization, was investigated. Infrared spectroscopy outcomes confirmed that both acetylation and silanization of the filler had occurred. Based on the results, it was found that the introduction of BH had a significant effect on both the adhesive properties and the characteristics of the manufactured plywood. The application of non-modified husks led to a reduction in viscosity and an extension of the gelation time, and the produced plywood boards were characterized by reduced bonding quality and increased delamination. Modification of the husk surface by acetylation and silanization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane contributed to the noticeable improvement in the resin properties. On the other hand, the improvement in plywood properties, consisting of the increase in bonding quality and reduced delamination, was observed only in the case of the silanized husk. Furthermore, the use of non-modified and acetylated husk did not significantly influence the formaldehyde emission. The reduction in the investigated emission of formaldehyde was observed only in the case of variants containing 15 and 20% of silanized buckwheat husk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%