Camelina sativa Oilseed Cake as a Potential Source of Biopolymer Films: A Chemometric Approach to Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization

Abstract

In this work, the possibility of obtaining biopolymer films from Camelina sativa oilseed cake (CSoC) at different parameters of the synthesis process was investigated. The pH (values 8, 10, and 12), the temperature (60, 80, and 100 °C), and the concentration of the cake in the film-forming suspension (3, 4, and 5%) were varied. The films obtained were characterized by studying the mechanical, barrier, physico-chemical, structural, and biological properties (antioxidant and antimicrobial). The results showed moderate mechanical properties, indicating the application of these biopolymer materials as coatings. Low values of water vapor permeability (5.1–12.26 g/m2h) and very low transmission in the UV range (less than 2%) indicate good barrier properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the films’ composite structures: peaks related to proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and cellulose were detected. The biological activity of the obtained CSoC films was pronounced so that they could be used for active packaging. All films have high antioxidant activity, which is more pronounced in samples synthesized at pH 8. The films possess antibacterial properties against S. aureus, while some had an inhibitory effect on S. typhimurium. Standard score analysis showed that the film sample synthetized at pH = 10, temperature = 100 °C, and concentration = 5% had optimal investigated properties.

Dried Beetroots: Optimization of the Osmotic Dehydration Process and Storage Stability

“…The specific investigation conducted by Akharume et al [81] also revealed that storage time did have significant effects on microbial growth and reduction. Additionally, regarding the samples coated with CSoC biopolymer in the current study, we observed its inhibitory effect on microbial growth (Table 1), which is consistent with our previous research, in which Camelina sativa possessed antimicrobial properties [42]. The antimicrobial activity of Camelina sativa may be due to the presence of certain compounds, such as phenols, polyphenols, and glucosinolates, in camelina seeds, as reported before by [85].…”

“…Considering the complex system of highly valuable nutrients in both beetroot and sugar beet molasses, we applied a biopolymer coating synthesized from camelina cake (CSoC-based coating) to half of the samples to determine the effectiveness of the biofilm in preserving antioxidant activity and microbiological safety. Our previous research has confirmed that CSoC films have pronounced antioxidant and antimicrobial potential [42]. Therefore, we endeavored to ascertain whether these attributes persist when the CSoC coating is administered to a particular product.…”

“…One-half of the samples were unchanged and used as control, while the other half of the samples were coated with Camelina sativa (CSoC)-based biopolymer coating. The coating suspension was prepared as described by Šuput et al [42]. In brief, 5% CSoC was dispersed in distilled water with 40% glycerol (w/w) as a plasticizer.…”

“…According to the literature, six flavonoids (quercitrin, isoquercetin, catechic acid, epicatechin, rutin, and isorhamnetin), three hydroxybenzoic acids (salicylic acid, proto-catechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid) and one hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapic acid) have been identified in CSoC [78]. The synergism between polyphenols and water-soluble amino acids and their derivatives indicates the high level of antioxidant activity of biopolymer coating based on CSoC [42]. So, the naturally present active components in the camelina-based coating were associated with higher phenolic and flavonoid values in coated beetroot samples during the entire storage period, compared to uncoated beetroot samples.…”