Camel trypanosomiasis and its vectors in Somalia

Dirie, M. F.; Wallbanks, K. R.; Aden, Abdi; Bornstein, S.; Ibrahim, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(89)90039-3

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Trypanosomosis is widespread in most camel-rearing countries of the world and is usually considered to be the most important disease of camels (6,7,10). Somali pastoralists distinguish two forms of the disease, namely, a chronic form (Dhukan or Salaf) associated with biting flies other than tsetse, and an acute form (Gandi) transmitted by tsetse flies (12).…”

Section: Yudleyementioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on little known diseases of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Horn of Africa

Dirie

Abdurahman²

2003

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Camels can live in areas that are inhospitable to other domestic animals and are therefore an important factor in the capacity of humans to survive in and make use of these drier regions. Camels provide milk, meat, wool, hides and skin, and their dung is used for fires. They are used for riding and transport, they are a means of investment and long-term savings, they are a source of prestige for their owners, and there is a large market for trade in live camels. Sales of surplus milk, livestock or livestock products are sources of cash income for pastoral families. Camels are slaughtered for consumption and during ritual occasions. The camel seems to be spared from the devastating epidemic infections which threaten other livestock species in the same region, e.g. rinderpest, contagious pleuropneumonia and foot and mouth disease, the animal is however affected by many other diseases, some of which are unknown to date. Camel diseases that are shared with other species of livestock are comparatively well-known, while other camel-specific diseases, although well-known to pastoralists for generations, still remain a mystery to the scientific community. Somali herders are renown for their use of ethno-veterinary knowledge in matters of livestock health and husbandry (1, 4, 14). This knowledge is a valuable resource that can help in the identification of previously unrecognised livestock diseases. These diseases need to be studied and characterised for appropriate cures to be developed. This paper provides observations on and clinical descriptions of five camel diseases, namely, Lahaw-Gaal, Firaanfir, Laaba, Jajabsa and Yudleye, which are not described, or are poorly described in the literature. Materials and methods The observations and clinical descriptions of the diseases provided in this paper, as well as their names, are from north

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Section: Yudleyementioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on little known diseases of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Horn of Africa

Dirie

Abdurahman²

2003

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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“…This diversity eclipses any other haematophagous insect family, for instance mosquitoes, Culicidae, with 3725 species (Pape et al , ), and even the haematophagous order Siphonaptera, the fleas (2075 species; Zhang, ). Known more commonly as pests and vectors of disease causing organisms such as Loa loa (Dirie et al , ; John & Petri, ) and Anthrax (Pechuman & Teskey, ; Chainey, ), both female and male horse flies are also important pollinators (Goldblatt & Manning, ; Johnson, ; Johnson & Morita, ). There is some evidence that the early evolution of Tabanidae, particularly the adaptive specialization of their mouthparts, was contemporaneous with, and potentially linked to, the diversification of angiosperm flowers (Labandeira, , ; Ren, ; Morita, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of the horse flies: a framework for renewing tabanid taxonomy

Morita

Bayless

Wiegmann

2015

Systematic Entomology

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Horse flies, family Tabanidae, are the most diverse family-level clade of bloodsucking insects, but their phylogeny has never been thoroughly explored using molecular data. Most adult female Tabanidae feed on nectar and on the blood of various mammals. Traditional horse fly classification tends towards large heterogeneous taxa, which impede much-needed taxonomic work. To guide renewed efforts in the systematics of horse flies and their relatives, we assembled a dataset of 110 exemplar species using nucleotide data from four genes -mitochondrial CO1, and nuclear 28S, CAD and AATS. All commonly recognized tribes in Tabanidae are represented, along with outgroups in Tabanomorpha. The phylogeny is reconstructed using Bayesian inference, and divergence times are estimated using Bayesian relaxed clock methods with time constraints from tabanid fossils. Our results show Athericidae strongly supported as the lineage most closely related to Tabanidae, and Pangoniinae and Tabaninae as monophyletic lineages. However, Chrysopsinae is nonmonophyletic, with strong support for both a nonmonophyletic Bouvieromyiini and for Rhinomyzini as sister to Tabaninae. Only the tribes Philolichini, Chrysopsini, Rhinomyzini and Haematopotini are recovered as monophyletic, although Scionini is monophyletic with exclusion of the peculiar genus Goniops Aldrich. Mycteromyia Philippi and Adersia Austen, two enigmatic genera sometimes placed in separate family-level groups, are recovered inside Pangoniini and Chrysopsini, respectively. Several species-rich genera are not recovered as monophyletic, including Esenbeckia Rondani, Silvius Meigen, Dasybasis Macquart and Tabanus L. Tabanidae likely originated in the Cretaceous, and all major extant groups were present by the early Palaeogene. This newly revised phylogenetic framework for Tabanidae forms the basis for a new assessment of tabanid diversification and provides context for understanding the evolution of trophic specialization in horse flies.

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“…11 They are also known to transmit pathogenic agents including Trypanosoma , mainly T. evansi and T. vivax . 3‐5 These parasites are transmitted mechanically by interrupted blood meal feeding. 6…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and Seasonal Variations of Tabanids in Southern Trarza (Mauritania)^a

Dia

Elsen

Cuisance

et al. 1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Camel trypanosomiasis and its vectors in Somalia

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

Observations on little known diseases of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Horn of Africa

Observations on little known diseases of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Horn of Africa

Molecular phylogeny of the horse flies: a framework for renewing tabanid taxonomy

Abundance and Seasonal Variations of Tabanids in Southern Trarza (Mauritania)^a

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Camel trypanosomiasis and its vectors in Somalia

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

Observations on little known diseases of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Horn of Africa

Observations on little known diseases of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Horn of Africa

Molecular phylogeny of the horse flies: a framework for renewing tabanid taxonomy

Abundance and Seasonal Variations of Tabanids in Southern Trarza (Mauritania)a

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Abundance and Seasonal Variations of Tabanids in Southern Trarza (Mauritania)^a