Cambium cell stimulation from surgical release of the periosteum

Abstract

An autograft of periosteal tissue containing cambium cells has potential to become chondrogenic or osteogenic depending on the regeneration repair strategies. The potential number of harvestable cambium cells diminishes with age. Other factors may be associated with a reduction in the number or variable yields of cambium cells including harvest technique, harvest site location, and the time interval from harvest to implantation. Attempts to increase the number of cambium cells have included improvements in harvesting and handling technique, and expansion of the cells in tissue culture. An "in situ" stimulation and proliferation technique would offer the potential for increasing the number of cambium cells in a cost-effective manner for transplantation without the need for expansion in tissue culture.The hypothesis tested was that surgical release of the periosteum and its deep inner underlying cambium layer by sharply incising through the superficial periosteal fibrous layer down to and scoring the cortical bone surface would increase the number of cambium cells that could be harvested at a later time period. Two techniques for periosteal release were used to stimulate a proliferation of the underlying cambium layer and increase the cambium cells for harvest in skeletally mature goats: ( I ) sharply scoring all four-sides of the tissue test site perimeter, and (2) sharply scoring only two sides of the tissue test site.The two-sided and four-sided release scoring of the periosteum induced stimulatory responses in the number of cambium cells. In addition, a marked increase in mRNA expression for BMP-2 (p < 0.001) was observed within 24 h and remained elevated over baseline values for up to 96 h after this stimulation to the cambium layer.

Periosteal pedicle graft for the treatment of gingival recession defects: a novel technique

“…10 The periosteum comprises of at least two layers, an inner cellular or cambium layer and an outer fibrous layer. 11 The inner layer contains numerous osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells 12 and the outer layer is composed of dense collagen fibre, fibroblasts and their progenitor cells; 13 hence the regenerative potential of the periosteum is immense. The use of periosteum in medicine and dentistry is not new.…”

RETRACTED: The periosteum

“…125 Fibroblasts are scarce and blood vessels are almost completely lacking. 114 This is the thinnest part of the periosteum (also called germinative layer). Zone II is relatively transparent zone with capillaries and amorphous extracellular matrix making the most voluminous part (Figs.…”

Periosteum as a lateral pedicle graft for the treatment of single tooth root recession: A novel approach

“…8 The inner cellular or cambium layer contains numerous osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells and the outer or fibrous layer is composed of dense collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and their progenitor cells and therefore, periosteum has immense regenerative potential. 9 In the present case, periosteum was placed on the denuded root surface as autogenous lateral pedicle graft after reflection of partial thickness flap and partial thickness flap was repositioned on the donor site, therefore reducing the resultant bone loss postoperatively at the donor site. Moreover, since periosteum was used as a lateral pedicle graft, blood supply to the graft was adequate and chances of the necrosis of the graft were reduced leading to the excellent postoperative results.…”