“…Finally, future lines of research could apply the ECSS-20 in contexts where stress is generated by confinement and/or population displacement, such as those generated by natural disasters (i.e., tsunamis, fires, landslides, extreme heat, hurricanes and tornadoes) ( Sandoval-Díaz and Martínez-Labrín, 2021 ; Birkmann et al, 2022 ) or by sociopolitical situations of the countries of residence (i.e., political asylum, immigration) ( Kwok and Ku, 2008 ; Kim et al, 2021 ). These events, marked by critical sociopolitical dynamics and needs for rapid adaptation, present a fertile ground to assess variations in subjective well-being, coping, and fields of spatial justice and habitability ( Astudillo Pizarro and Sandoval Díaz, 2019 ; Sandoval-Díaz et al, 2021 , 2022 , 2024 ). Moreover, employability circumstances such as job loss or absence, or significant changes in work conditions, as well as the loss of daily social activities and hospitalizations, are critical areas where the ECSS-20 could reveal significant impacts on mental and physical health ( Bahamondes-Rosado et al, 2023 ; Pérez-Villalobos et al, 2023 ).…”