Calprotectin serum levels on admission and during follow-up predict severity and outcome of patients with COVID-19: A prospective study

Gatselis, Nikolaos K.; Lyberopoulou, Aggeliki; Lygoura, Vasiliki; Giannoulis, George; Samakidou, Anna; Vaiou, Antonia; Antoniou, Katerina; Triantafyllou, Katerina; Stefos, Aggelos; Georgiadou, Sarah; Sagris, Dimitrios; Sveroni, Dafni; Gabeta, Stella; Ntaios, George; Norman, Gary L.; Dalekos, George N.

doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.001

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…Activated neutrophils and other myeloid cells release calprotectin as part of the innate immune response to inflammation[ 19 ]. Inflammatory stimuli, such as infection, tissue damage, or autoimmune processes, trigger the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, where they release calprotectin into the surrounding tissues or body fluids[ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases: Pros and cons

Al-Beltagi,

Saeed,

Bediwy

et al. 2024

World J Clin Pediatr

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BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin is a valuable biomarker for assessing intestinal inflammation in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. However, its role, pros, and cons in various conditions must be comprehensively elucidated. AIM To explore the role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, including its advantages and limitations. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and other scientific research engines until February 24, 2024. The review included 88 research articles, 56 review articles, six meta-analyses, two systematic reviews, two consensus papers, and two letters to the editors. RESULTS Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive marker for detecting intestinal inflammation and monitoring disease activity in pediatric conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, coronavirus disease 2019-induced gastrointestinal disorders, gastroenteritis, and cystic fibrosis-associated intestinal pathology. However, its lack of specificity and susceptibility to various confounding factors pose challenges in interpretation. Despite these limitations, fecal calprotectin offers significant advantages in diagnosing, monitoring, and managing pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. CONCLUSION Fecal calprotectin holds promise as a valuable tool in pediatric gastroenterology, offering insights into disease activity, treatment response, and prognosis. Standardized protocols and guidelines are needed to optimize its clinical utility and mitigate interpretation challenges. Further research is warranted to address the identified limitations and enhance our understanding of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases: Pros and cons

Al-Beltagi,

Saeed,

Bediwy

et al. 2024

World J Clin Pediatr

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Calprotectin, a Promising Serological Biomarker for the Early Diagnosis of Superinfections with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Patients with COVID-19

Keller,

Mester,

Räth

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Bacterial and fungal superinfections are common in COVID-19, and early diagnosis can enable timely intervention. Serum calprotectin levels increase with bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. This study evaluated serum calprotectin as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for microbial superinfections in COVID-19. Serum samples from adult patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 were collected during hospitalization from 2020 to 2024. Calprotectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 63 patients with moderate COVID-19, 60 patients with severe COVID-19, and 34 healthy individuals. Calprotectin serum levels were elevated in patients with moderate COVID-19 compared with controls, and these levels were further increased in the severe cases. Patients with severe COVID-19 and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) bacteremia had elevated calprotectin levels, but their C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were not increased. Fungal superinfections and herpes simplex virus reactivation did not change the calprotectin levels. A calprotectin concentration of 31.29 µg/mL can be used to diagnose VRE bloodstream infection with 60% sensitivity and 96% specificity. These data suggest that serum calprotectin may be a promising biomarker for the early detection of VRE bloodstream infections in patients with COVID-19.

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Calprotectin serum levels on admission and during follow-up predict severity and outcome of patients with COVID-19: A prospective study

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases: Pros and cons

Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases: Pros and cons

Calprotectin, a Promising Serological Biomarker for the Early Diagnosis of Superinfections with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Patients with COVID-19

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