Calprotectin, an available prognostic biomarker in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review

Ebrahimi, Bahareh; Nazarinia, Mohammad Ali; Molayem, Mina

doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05446-0

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In this cross-sectional study, we show that calprotectin levels in feces are elevated in a substantial proportion of SSc patients compared to healthy controls already at the time of diagnosis. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that GI inflammation may be an early manifestation of SSc [ 6 ] Calprotectin has been established as a marker of inflammation and neutrophil activation in several diseases, including SSc [ 17 ]. Recently, calprotectin dependent neutrophil mediated inflammation has been described in relation to disease pathogenesis in SSc, further promoting the rationale of exploring calprotectin as biomarker in SSc [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Elevated fecal levels of the inflammatory biomarker calprotectin in early systemic sclerosis

et al. 2022

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Knowledge on gastrointestinal manifestations in early systemic sclerosis (SSc) is limited. We have investigated gastrointestinal inflammation in SSc at the time of diagnosis using the inflammatory biomarker Fecal calprotectin (F-cal). Consecutive patients with suspected SSc were characterized in relation to the 2013 classification criteria for SSc and classified as SSc or SSc-like disease. F-cal levels were measured with a polyclonal ELISA (Calpro A/S, Lysaker, Norway) and levels above 50 µg/g were considered elevated. F-cal levels were compared to those of control subjects without rheumatic disease. Of 137 patients with suspected SSc, 92 were classified as SSc and 45 as SSc-like disease. Median (interquartile range) disease duration among the SSc participants was 2.5 (1.2, 4.6) years. A substantial proportion of participants classified as SSc (35/92, 38%) and SSc-like disease (14/45, 31%) exhibited elevated F-cal compared to the control group (3/41, 7.3%; p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Elevated F-cal was associated with proton pump inhibitor usage (OR 7.14; 95% CI 2.56–29.93; p < 0.001). We conclude that elevated F-cal is present in a subgroup of patients with SSc at the time of diagnosis, suggesting that that GI inflammation may be present in this patient group early in the disease course. F-cal did not exhibit potential to differentiate SSc from SSc-like disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Elevated fecal levels of the inflammatory biomarker calprotectin in early systemic sclerosis

et al. 2022

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“…the Calprotectin level correlated with intestinal wall thickness, the presence of (SIBO), and micronutrients of studied patients. the study concluded that SIBO treatment for more than 3 months could affect fecal Calprotectin (15). Tables 10 and 11 show the mean serum tests (ESR, magnesium, CRP, albumin, ferritin, folic acid, vitamin B12 and zinc) in two groups of patients with positive FC response and negative FC response and none of these cases had a statistically signi cant relationship with FC level (P. Value ≥ 0.10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Although, the GI disorders are not the main cause of death in patients, they signi cantly decrease well-being and quality of life in patients (6,14). Any section of the GI tract could be affected by SSc; however, esophagus is the most frequently involved (2,15); re ux is one of the manifestations which is treated with strong antiacids. Changes in neuromuscular system with progressive brosis of smooth muscle in the muscularis propria layer impair normal motor function, which may secondarily affect transit and nutrient absorption (6,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Positive Cases of Fecal Calprotectin, and Related Factors in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Fatemi

Zahedpasha

Hedayatmofidi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background and aim: SSc (Systemic sclerosis) is a systemic inflammatory heterogeneous disease, characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs particularly the gastrointestinal tract by affecting any part of it. Calprotectin is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein and its level increases during an inflammatory process in the presence of neutrophils, measurable in plasma, urine, saliva, and feces. FC (Fecal calprotectin) is a non-invasive and repeatable marker for the diagnosis of intestinal inflammation and unlike other inflammatory markers, the FC level is not affected by other sources of inflammation other than intestines. The quality of life in SSc patients is severely affected by gastrointestinal disorders. So, we decided to examine FC as a simple and accessible method with no complication to diagnose gastrointestinal disorders and the extent of disease activity.Materials and methods: Totally 46 patients with SSc were invited to include in our study. Seven patients did not enter our study because of having the items in exclusion criteria. For the remaining 39 patients, a questionnaire about gastrointestinal disorders symptoms (UCLA SCTS 2.0) was filled in and then their skin was examined and the skin score was determined. Stool samples were collected to measure the calprotectin level. Barium Swallow and CT Enterography was done to determine gastrointestinal disorders. FC level wasn’t less than 50µgr/gr in any of our cases, therefore the patients was divided into two groups: the one with FC level less than 200 µgr/gr and the one with FC level as 200 µgr/gr or more than 200 µgr/gr and the latter was considered as positive. Chi-Square test was used and to determine the correlation between FC level and age, disease type, qualitative findings in radiography and quantitative variables like skin score.Results: The correlation between FC level and sex was not verifiable cause all patients were female. Increased levels of FC didn’t have any correlation with age (P Value=0.79), disease type (P Value=0.59), skin score (P Value=0.25), final GI score (P Value=0.30), esophageal dilatation (P Value=0.18), small intestine wall thickening (P Value=0.10), and none of serum tests. Also, no signs of micronutrient deficiencies related to FC level was found due to vitamin and mineral supplements consumption in most of our patients.Discussion and Conclusion: Although there was no statistical correlation between FC level and variables, but the results are in favor of FC specificity to assess intestinal wall thickness, which due to the small sample size requires to be assessed in future researchers’ study with a larger sample size.The main cause of the lack of statistical significance in the relationships of our study can be the low sample size. Therefore, it is recommended that in future researchers’ study with a larger sample size.

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“…The two proteins play a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune responses, particularly in neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion ( 43 ). Interestingly, increased calprotectin levels have previously been reported in saliva of patients with FM ( 44 ) as well as in sera of patients with different inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, giant cell arteritis, cystic fibrosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive systemic sclerosis ( 45 – 47 ). The VCAN gene encodes for Versican, a member of the aggrecan/versican proteoglycan family of proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and Interferon Signatures in Peripheral B-Lymphocytes and Sera of Individuals With Fibromyalgia

et al. 2022

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Fibromyalgia (FM) is an idiopathic chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, often accompanied by fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and other symptoms. Autoimmunity and neuroinflammatory mechanisms have been suggested to play important roles in the pathophysiology of FM supported by recently identified interferon signatures in affected individuals. However, the contribution of different components in the immune system, such as the B-lymphocytes, in the progression to FM are yet unknown. Furthermore, there is a great need for biomarkers that may improve diagnostics of FM. Herein, we investigated the gene expression profile in peripheral B-cells, as well as a panel of inflammatory serum proteins, in 30 FM patients and 23 healthy matched control individuals. RNA sequence analysis revealed 60 differentially expressed genes when comparing the two groups. The group of FM patients showed increased expression of twenty-five interferon-regulated genes, such as S100A8 and S100A9, VCAM, CD163, SERPINA1, ANXA1, and an increased interferon score. Furthermore, FM was associated with elevated levels of 19 inflammatory serum proteins, such as IL8, AXIN1, SIRT2 and STAMBP, that correlated with the FM severity score. Together, the results shows that FM is associated with an interferon signature in B-cells and increased levels of a set of inflammatory serum proteins. Our findings bring further support for immune activation in the pathogenesis of FM and highlight candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and intervention in the management of FM.

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Calprotectin, an available prognostic biomarker in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Elevated fecal levels of the inflammatory biomarker calprotectin in early systemic sclerosis

Elevated fecal levels of the inflammatory biomarker calprotectin in early systemic sclerosis

The Frequency of Positive Cases of Fecal Calprotectin, and Related Factors in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Inflammation and Interferon Signatures in Peripheral B-Lymphocytes and Sera of Individuals With Fibromyalgia

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