Calorimetric Analysis of Neonatal Water Snakes, nerodia sipedon

Barron, James N.

doi:10.2307/1565672

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Neonates born in autumn also did not differ in water content or carcass dry mass from those born in spring. As there is almost perfect correlation between offspring dry mass and calories per offspring (Barron, 1997), this provides further evidence that neonates did not differ in energetic content between seasons. Differences in body length suggest an effect of over-wintering in utero that results in a reduction in length irrespective of body mass.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Delayed parturition: constraint or coping mechanism in a viviparous gekkonid?

Rock¹

2006

Journal of Zoology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extended gestation of fully developed embryos in viviparous reptiles can be the consequence of a lack of appropriate environmental conditions and/or an adaptive contribution to increased offspring viability. I examined the cause and effects of extended gestation in a gekkonid lizard Hoplodactylus maculatus, which delays parturition of developed embryos for up to 9 months from autumn into a second spring. Comparisons of microhabitat temperatures showed that thermal opportunities were equally conducive to birth in autumn and spring. The responsiveness of females to a hormonal stimulant for parturition also did not differ between these seasons. Multiple offspring traits were measured, including body size, locomotory ability and lipid reserves, and were found not to increase with extended gestation. Incorporating these results with previously published evidence for microhabitat thermal variation, I discuss whether delayed parturition may be an adaptive mechanism maintained by the selective pressures of an uncertain thermal environment on components of reproduction, including vitellogenesis, maternal birthing cues and neonatal survival.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Delayed parturition: constraint or coping mechanism in a viviparous gekkonid?

Rock¹

2006

Journal of Zoology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When necessary, we converted fresh (wet) mass to dry mass considering the dry mass to be 28.82% of the wet mass for mammals, 34.98% for birds, 26.80% for reptiles, 23.50% for fishes and 20.46% for amphibians. We obtained these ratios from the weighted average by the number of observations for mammals (Arnould et al., 1996; Gerhart et al., 1996; Kremen et al., 2013; Reilly & Fedak, 1990; Schlesinger & Potter, 1974; Spray & Widdowson, 1950; Studier et al., 1994), birds (Grimshaw et al., 1958; Kremen et al., 2013; Sturges et al., 1974), reptiles (Barron, 1997; Dierenfeld et al., 2002), fishes (Lantry & O'Gorman, 2007) and amphibians (Dierenfeld et al., 2002; MacCracken & Stebbings, 2012; Takahara et al., 2008). Hereafter, the C, N and P contents of organisms are expressed as the percentage of dry mass (%), and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios are expressed in molar ratios.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body stoichiometry of heterotrophs: Assessing drivers of interspecific variations in elemental composition

Andrieux

Signor

Guillou

et al. 2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim The aim was to document how body stoichiometry of heterotrophs varies globally and to assess phylogenetic, trophic, habitat and body mass drivers of this interspecific variation in elemental composition, focusing on carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Location World‐wide. Time period 1930–2019. Major taxa studied Amphibians, fishes (Actinopterygii), invertebrates, mammals, microbes and sauropsids (birds and reptiles). Methods We compiled from the scientific literature a global database of body elemental composition of heterotrophs in marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. We used model selection and ANCOVAs to investigate the proportion of variance in elemental composition explained by taxonomic groups, diet, habitat and body mass. We assessed the phylogenetic signal in body stoichiometry using Blomberg's K and Pagel's λ statistics. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of interspecific variation in body stoichiometry using mixed models, with nested taxonomic levels as random factors. We finally assessed the covariations in elemental composition. Results Our database gathered 31,371 observations on 1,512 species. Body elemental composition was widely variable among species, with the four assessed drivers contributing significantly to this variation. Taxonomic group was the strongest contributor to interspecific variance for the stoichiometric traits studied, followed by habitat, diet and body mass. More precisely, C, N and P contents and C:N ratio were generally structured among classes, whereas the largest variations in C:P and N:P ratios were among families. This resulted in a significant but relatively modest phylogenetic signal. Finally, we found significant covariation among the three body elemental contents, resulting in taxonomic group‐specific C:N:P spectra. Main conclusions Our global synthesis of body stoichiometry of heterotrophs revealed a strong interspecific variability that was only modestly explained by the species attributes investigated (body mass, habitat and diet). It also revealed that this taxonomically structured residual variation in body stoichiometry seemed to be constrained along taxonomic group‐specific elemental spectra.

show abstract

“…When necessary, we converted fresh (wet) mass to dry mass considering dry mass to be 28.82% of wet mass for mammals, 34.98% for birds, 26.80% for reptiles, 23.50% for fishes and 20.46% for amphibians. We obtained these ratios from the weighted average by number of observations for mammals (Arnould, Boyd, & Speakman, 1996; Gerhart, White, Cameron, & Russell, 1996; Kremen et al, 2013; Reilly & Fedak, 1990; Schlesinger & Potter, 1974; Spray & Widdowson, 1950; Studier, Sevick, & Wilson, 1994), birds (Grimshaw, Ovington, Betts, & Gibb, 1958; Kremen et al, 2013; Sturges, Holmes, & Likens, 1974), reptiles (Barron, 1997; Dierenfeld, Alcorn, & Jacobsen, 2002), fishes (Lantry & O’Gorman, 2007) and amphibians (Dierenfeld et al, 2002; MacCracken & Stebbings, 2012; Takahara, Miyasaka, Genkai-Kato, & Kohmatsu, 2008). When diet, body mass or habitat of the organism were not mentioned in the publication, we gathered them from other publications and specified the corresponding references in the database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body stoichiometry of heterotrophs: assessing drivers of interspecific variations in elemental composition

Andrieux

Signor

Guillou

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AimTo document how body stoichiometry of heterotrophs varies globally and to assess phylogenetic, trophic, habitat and body mass drivers of this interspecific variation in elemental composition, focusing on carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).LocationWorldwide.Time period1930 – 2018.Major taxa studiedAmphibians, fishes (Euteleosteomorpha and Otomorpha), invertebrates, mammals, microbes and sauropsids (birds and reptiles).MethodsWe compiled from the scientific literature a global database of body elemental composition of heterotrophs in marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. We used model selection and ANCOVA analyses to investigate the proportion of variance in elemental composition explained by taxonomic groups, diet, habitat and body mass. We assessed the phylogenetic signal in body stoichiometry using Blomberg’s K and Pagel’s λ statistics. We assessed the phylogenetic structure of interspecific variation in body stoichiometry using mixed models with nested taxonomic levels as random factors. We finally assessed the co-variation in elemental composition using linear models.ResultsOur database currently gathers 17848 independent observations on 1491 species. Body elemental composition was found to be widely variable among species with the four assessed drivers significantly contributing to this variation. Taxonomic group is the strongest contributor to interspecific variance for the stoichiometric traits studied, followed by habitat, diet and body mass. More precisely, stoichiometric traits are generally variable at the three taxonomic levels studied (class, order and family), resulting in a significant but relatively modest phylogenetic signal. Finally, we found significant co-variation among the three body elemental contents, resulting in taxonomic group-specific C:N:P spectrums.Main conclusionsOur global synthesis of body stoichiometry of heterotrophs reveals a strong interspecific variability that is only modestly explained by the species attributes investigated: body mass, habitat and diet. It further reveals that this taxonomically structured residual variation in body stoichiometry seems to be constrained along taxonomic group-specific elemental spectrums.

show abstract

Calorimetric Analysis of Neonatal Water Snakes, nerodia sipedon

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Delayed parturition: constraint or coping mechanism in a viviparous gekkonid?

Delayed parturition: constraint or coping mechanism in a viviparous gekkonid?

Body stoichiometry of heterotrophs: Assessing drivers of interspecific variations in elemental composition

Body stoichiometry of heterotrophs: assessing drivers of interspecific variations in elemental composition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About