Calorie Restriction with a High-Fat Diet Effectively Attenuated Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress-Related Markers in Obese Tissues of the High Diet Fed Rats

Abstract

<jats:p>Obesity characterized by increased mass of adipose tissue leads to systemic inflammation. Calorie restriction (CR) improves parameters associated with immune response and antioxidant defense. We hypothesized that CR with a high fat diet (HFCR) regulates local and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress damage in a high fat diet induced obesity (HF group). We investigated effect of HFCR on inflammation and oxidative stress-related markers in liver and adipose tissues as well as adipokines in plasma. HFCR lowered liver triglyceride levels, total cholesterol levels, and the plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio to normal levels and improved glucose tolerance. HFCR also improved fatty liver and normalized adipocyte size and morphology. HFCR reduced lipid peroxidation and decreased the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthetase, cyclooxygenase-2, NF-E2-related factor, and heme oxygenase-1 in the liver. Moreover, HFCR suppressed the expression levels of C- reactive protein and manganese superoxide dismutase in the adipose tissue in the HF group. These results suggest that HFCR may have beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress as well as lipid profiles in the HF diet induced obesity. Moreover, HFCR may be a good way to increase compliance in obese patients and to prevent obesity induced complications without changes in dietary pattern.</jats:p>

Obesity-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Damage Is Reversed by Sustained Weight Loss in the Rat

“…27 The initial caloric restriction to 40 kcal/d was chosen to mimic human dieting 28 and successfully produced a significant reduction in body weight during the 4-week period, consistent with that observed in other rodent models. 21,22,29 Consistent with previous studies reporting the beneficial effects of WL on cardiovascular risk factors, 13,21,30 we also found circulating leptin and insulin levels were reduced to normal at the end of the 4-week caloric restriction period. The increases in systolic blood pressure associated with obesity were reversed after caloric restriction; however, diastolic blood pressure was only restored to control levels at the end of the 4-week WM period, suggesting that reversal of obesity-induced hypertension required sustained WL.…”

“…18 Few studies have been specially designed to determine the effects of WL produced by dietary intervention in obesity; however, the majority of clinical trials and animal studies have reported a beneficial effect of diet-induced WL on blood pressure 13,19,20 and adipokine balance, [20][21][22] along with improvements in the inflammatory profile. 9,22 Investigation into the mechanisms involved in any improvement in PVAT function could lead to identification of much needed novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity-related hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study was designed to explore changes in the PVAT environment that occur in obesity and to investigate the effects of diet-induced WL on PVAT anticontractile function.…”

Serum amyloid A impairs the antiinflammatory properties of HDL

“…Myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates HOCl, which oxidizes specific tyrosine and methionine residues on apoA-I, thereby impairing apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux (31)(32)(33). HDL has been proposed to become oxidized in the milieu of the artery wall (34-36) but might also be oxidized in AT (37)(38)(39). Although the presence of SAA on HDL has been reported to impair HDL's antioxi-HDL from healthy humans and lean mice inhibits palmitate-induced adipocyte inflammation; however, the effect of the inflammatory state on the functional properties of HDL on adipocytes is unknown.…”

Restriction on an Energy-Dense Diet Improves Markers of Metabolic Health and Cellular Aging in Mice Through Decreasing Hepatic mTOR Activity

“…Previous reports have already suggested that 6-10 weeks of DR on a high-fat diet can improve metabolic health parameters including reduction of plasma insulin, glucose, and leptin levels similar to low-fat diets, [31][32][33] although HFDR for shorter periods (3 weeks) may be rather marginally effective. 34 In contrast to other HFDR studies that focused on white adipose tissue 33,35 and arterial function, 9 we investigated potential longevity-related and nutrient-sensing pathways in the liver on 6 months of HFDR.…”

“…At the same time, expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as Fasn ( p = 0.008), Scd1 ( p < 0.001), and Fads1 ( p = 0.004), was significantly reduced decelerating hepatic lipid synthesis (Table 2). 32 SCHLOESSER ET AL.…”