Calorie Restriction and Aging in Humans

Flanagan, Emily W.; Most, Jasper; Mey, Jacob T.; Redman, Leanne M.

doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034601

Cited by 136 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Dietary polyphenols likely act on human health through several mechanisms; it has been demonstrated that some polyphenols and their metabolites exert anti-atherosclerotic effects, improve endothelial function and antioxidant status, increase nitric oxide release, and modulate inflammation and lipid metabolism [ 5 , 26 , 31 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Biological Aging, a Novel Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

et al. 2021

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Biological aging, or the discrepancy between biological and chronological age of a subject (Δage), has been associated with a polyphenol-rich Mediterranean diet and represents a new, robust indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. We aimed to disentangle the relationship of dietary polyphenols and total antioxidant capacity with Δage in a cohort of Italians. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on a sub-cohort of 4592 subjects (aged ≥ 35 y; 51.8% women) from the Moli-sani Study (2005–2010). Food intake was recorded by a 188-item food-frequency questionnaire. The polyphenol antioxidant content (PAC)-score was constructed to assess the total dietary content of polyphenols. Total antioxidant capacity was measured in foods by these assays: trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP). A deep neural network, based on 36 circulating biomarkers, was used to compute biological age and the resulting Δage, which was tested as outcome in multivariable-adjusted linear regressions. Δage was inversely associated with the PAC-score (β = −0.31; 95%CI −0.39, −0.24) but not with total antioxidant capacity of the diet. A diet rich in polyphenols, by positively contributing to deceleration of the biological aging process, may exert beneficial effects on the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and possibly of bone health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Biological Aging, a Novel Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

et al. 2021

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“…Overall, as mentioned in the column "Cognitively stimulating activities" (Supplementary table), education [3,10], occupational status [142,189], premorbid IQ estimation, and engagement in stimulating physical [140,148], intellectual, and leisure activities [83,178,201], as well as a balanced diet and nutrition [54,56,57], might all have a neuroprotective role in aging. The wide concept of "activity" includes both social interactions with one or more people and more solitary activities such as reading or gardening [124].…”

Section: Aging-modulatory Reserve Factors (Amf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies and cognitive reserve to preserve lexical production in aging

et al. 2021

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In the absence of any neuropsychiatric condition, older adults may show declining performance in several cognitive processes and among them, in retrieving and producing words, reflected in slower responses and even reduced accuracy compared to younger adults. To overcome this difficulty, healthy older adults implement compensatory strategies, which are the focus of this paper. We provide a review of mainstream findings on deficient mechanisms and possible neurocognitive strategies used by older adults to overcome the deleterious effects of age on lexical production. Moreover, we present findings on genetic and lifestyle factors that might either be protective or risk factors of cognitive impairment in advanced age. We propose that “aging-modulating factors” (AMF) can be modified, offering prevention opportunities against aging effects. Based on our review and this proposition, we introduce an integrative neurocognitive model of mechanisms and compensatory strategies for lexical production in older adults (entitled Lexical Access and Retrieval in Aging, LARA). The main hypothesis defended in LARA is that cognitive aging evolves heterogeneously and involves complementary domain-general and domain-specific mechanisms, with substantial inter-individual variability, reflected at behavioral, cognitive, and brain levels. Furthermore, we argue that the ability to compensate for the effect of cognitive aging depends on the amount of reserve specific to each individual which is, in turn, modulated by the AMF. Our conclusion is that a variety of mechanisms and compensatory strategies coexist in the same individual to oppose the effect of age. The role of reserve is pivotal for a successful coping with age-related changes and future research should continue to explore the modulating role of AMF.

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“…Regular physical activity protects against decline in locomotory function, and can reduce frailty (World Health Organization, 2015 ). Caloric restriction has been shown to considerably slow the onset of age-related disease, contributing to the compression of morbidity and senescence (Flanagan et al, 2020 ; Fontana & Klein, 2007 ). Numerous studies underway are searching for effective strategies to boost cognition (Blasimme, 2020a ; National Academies of Sciences, 2017 ).…”

Section: Ageing As a Plastic Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

The plasticity of ageing and the rediscovery of ground-state prevention

Blasimme

2021

HPLS

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In this paper, I present an emerging explanatory framework about ageing and care. In particular, I focus on how, in contrast to most classical accounts of ageing, biomedicine today construes the ageing process as a modifiable trajectory. This framing turns ageing from a stage of inexorable decline into the focus of preventive strategies, harnessing the functional plasticity of the ageing organism. I illustrate this shift by focusing on studies of the demographic dynamics in human population, observations of ageing as an intraspecifically heterogenous phenotype, and the experimental manipulation of longevity, in both model organisms and humans. I suggest that such an explanatory framework about ageing creates the epistemological conditions for the rise of a peculiar form of prevention that does not aim to address a specific condition. Rather it seeks to stall the age-related accumulation of molecular damage and functional deficits, boosting individual resilience against age-related decline. I call this preventive paradigm “ground-state prevention.” While new, ground-state prevention bears conceptual resemblance to forms of medical wisdom prominent in classic Galenic medicine, as well as in the Renaissance period.

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Calorie Restriction and Aging in Humans

Cited by 136 publications

References 149 publications

Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Biological Aging, a Novel Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Biological Aging, a Novel Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

Strategies and cognitive reserve to preserve lexical production in aging

The plasticity of ageing and the rediscovery of ground-state prevention

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