Calorie Intake and Industrial Output

Kraut, H.; Müller, Evelyn

doi:10.1126/science.104.2709.495

Cited by 31 publications

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“…Before age-adjustment, mean calorie intake is higher in highly productive groups of both sexes compared to those of reduced productivity, but the difference after age-adjustment persists in males only. These findings corroborate those of Kraut and Muller (1946), Johnson and Kark (1947), and Keys et al (1950), but are in contrast to those of Belavady (1966), Satyanarayana et al (1972), andImmink (1978). The male high-productive work group, unlike the female, expends less energy (adjusted for weight) than the low-productive group before age-adjustment (Table 5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The effect of nutritional intake on physical performance and work capacity is well-known (Kraut and Muller, 1946;Viteri, 1971; see reviews by Parizkova and Rogozkin, 1978;Spurr, 1983). Energy expenditure, on the other hand, is known to depend on several factors related to body composition, age, sex, level and duration of physical activity, temperature, and humidity, among other factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting the work productivity of Oraon agricultural laborers of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal

Roy

2002

American J Phys Anthropol

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In developing countries like India, where the incidence of protein-calorie malnutrition is high and mechanization is at a minimum, human labor provides much of the power for physical activity. This study presents anthropometric measurements, somatotypes, food intakes, energy expenditures, and work outputs of Oraon agricultural laborers of the Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, in an attempt to identify the factors that predict high work productivity. Specifically, this study investigates 1) the relationship between morphological variation (anthropometric measurements and somatotype) and work productivity, 2) the nature and extent of the relationship between nutritional status and work productivity, and 3) the best predictor variables of work output. Classification of groups on the basis of median values of work output show that in the aggregate, the high productive groups are significantly younger than low-productive groups in both sexes. Before age-adjustment, the high productive groups show higher mean values of a few body dimensions, though these differ by sex, and both males and females exhibit a normal range of blood pressure and pulse rate values. Mean values of grip strength and back strength are higher in high-output men and women. Mean values of both food intake and energy expenditure are also higher among men in high-output groups, with only food intake higher in high-output women. However, after eliminating the effects of age, the differences between low-productive groups and high-productive groups in most of the variables are not significant. Productivity predictors in males consist of age, food intake and chest girth (inhalation). Females, on the other hand, show age and grip strength (left) as work output predictors.

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the work productivity of Oraon agricultural laborers of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal

Roy

2002

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…(a) Calorie intake and productivity. Kraut and Muller (1946) examined the productivity changes of different groups of German wartime workers whose overall calorie intake was fully controlled. The output per hour of railway workers shifting debris increased by 47 per cent when calorie intake was raised from 2400 to 3000 per day.…”

Section: Adult Nutrition and Labour Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in nutritional status may not affect productivity in the short-term (as in the study by Belavady, 1966), as limited and gradual declineshncreases in intake might be accommodated by an adaptation of the basal metabolic rate (Scrimshaw, 1986). Apart from the Kraut/Muller (1946) and Belavady (1966) results, providing an additional calorie supplement of 800-1000 calories per day to manual workers with low level of intake may result in an increase in actual consumption of 500-600 calories, which is in turn likely to be associated with a productivity increase in the range of 20-30 per cent. If the intake is equal to the supplementation provided, the increase in productivity could in most cases be assumed to range in the 30-40 bracket ( Table 12).…”

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confidence: 93%

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Two errors of targeting

Cornia¹,

Stewart

1993

J of Intl Development

147

100

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The authors analyse the relationship between two errors which commonly arise in the attempt to ‘target’ government expenditures on poor people: ‘E‐mistakes’ in which benefits are provided to the non‐poor as well as the poor, and ‘F‐mistakes’ in which some of the poor fall outside the scope of the programme. Existing redistributive programmes are examined in order to determine the right balance between the two types of error, and the conclusion is reached that in a majority of cases universal‐benefit programmes dominate programmes of precisely targeted support.

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Nutritional status and physical work capacity

Spurr

1983

American J Phys Anthropol

117

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The functional consequences of nutritional intake and resulting nutritional status are reviewed in terms of maximal oxygen consumption, physical work capacity, heart rate response to exercise, work productivity, and endurance at submaximal work loads. The results of both acute (laboratory) and chronic (naturally occurring) malnutrition are considered as well as the effects of dietary supplementation and recovery from previously existing undernutrition. Obesity and anemia are also treated as separate but related nutritional entities.

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Calorie Intake and Industrial Output

Cited by 31 publications

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Factors affecting the work productivity of Oraon agricultural laborers of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal

Factors affecting the work productivity of Oraon agricultural laborers of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal

Two errors of targeting

Nutritional status and physical work capacity

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