Calorie Consumption Level Influences Development of C3H/Ou Breast Adenocarcinoma with Indifference to Calorie Source

Engelman, Robert W.; Day, Noorbibi K.; Chen, Rou-Fuie; Tomita, Yoshifumi; Bauer-Sardiña, Irma; Dao, My Lien; Good, Robert A.

doi:10.3181/00379727-193-42984

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In experiments used in this meta-analysis, the incidence in the control groups varied between 37% and 100%. 35 In comparison, lifetime cumulative incidence of breast cancer among women varies between 8% and 15% worldwide. 1 Therefore, strains with lower incidence would be needed to achieve a situation that more closely resembles the human situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy restriction and the risk of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice: A meta‐analysis

Dirx

Zeegers

Dagnelie

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

139

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Our meta-analysis was aimed at providing a systematic review of the literature regarding the effect of energy restriction on spontaneous mammary tumors in mice and at providing a more precise pooled (summary) estimate of the risk of mammary tumors. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to obtain insight in potential heterogeneity between the animal studies. A literature search was conducted with the following terms to identify relevant articles: animal studies, mammary tumors, fat restricted, dietary carbohydrates, energy restriction and calorie restriction. A criteria list for the assessment of quality items (i.e., study characteristics) in animal experiments was developed that was intended to quantitatively assess potential factors that underlie heterogeneous results of different animal experiments. Incidence figures were used to calculate the risk difference. The pooled risk difference was calculated by random effects meta regression analysis. Fourteen animal experiments were included in this metaanalysis. Publication bias could not be identified. The pooled risk difference for the 14 studies was ؊0.55 with a narrow 95% confidence interval (؊0.69; ؊0.41), implying that the energy-restricted animal groups developed 55% less mammary tumors than the control groups. No heterogeneity could be detected between the studies based on study characteristics that included the age of mice at the start of intervention, duration of intervention, allocation of the mice, use of ad libitum control group, fertility of the mice and the type of energy-providing nutrient (fat, carbohydrate or protein). This meta-analysis confirms that energy restriction in itself consistently protects against the development of mammary tumor in mice, irrespective of the type of restricted nutrient or other study characteristics. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: energy restriction; mammary tumors; mice; meta-analysisWorldwide, breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and is one of the main causes of death in women today. 1,2 It is important to understand more about the etiology and possibilities for prevention of breast cancer. The hypothesis that high fat intake will increase the risk of breast cancer has often been examined in human studies. Although epidemiological studies in humans suggested that diet (energy and fat) is related to the incidence of breast cancer, 3-5 the results are not consistent. A pooled analysis of the results of several cohort studies yielded no evidence of a positive association between total dietary fat intake and the risk of breast cancer. 6 To clarify the role of dietary factors in the etiology of breast cancer, much research has been conducted in rodents, especially regarding the effect of dietary fat-intake and energy (i.e., caloric) restriction on breast cancer risk. Energy restriction has been suggested to be a very effective way of reducing the incidence of mammary tumors in rodents. 7,8 The animal experimental data supports the hypothesis that, in mammary tumor development, there is a specific enhancin...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy restriction and the risk of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice: A meta‐analysis

Dirx

Zeegers

Dagnelie

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

139

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“…Although fat-based diets encourage earlier development of the first palpable tumor in mice and shortened the time to median tumor incidence, the overall tendency to develop mammary malignancy as measured by Survival Analysis using Weibull distribution did not differ between groups fully fed isocaloric diets, regardless of whether the diets derived calories largely from fat or carbohydrate. A 40%o reduction of calories greatly delayed or inhibited MTs altogether, lowered mean body weight, and reduced circulating prolactin levels by a factor of 4 (9,10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dietary regimens used in this study were designed to provide isocaloric consumption of semipurified diets either relatively high in carbohydrate or high in fat (10,12). Virgin female 6-to 8-week-old C3H/Ou mice (13) §To whom reprint requests should be addressed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior studies revealed that restricted diets drastically reduce mammary tumor development, decrease production of MMTV A and B particles (9,10), and reduce development of hyperplastic nodules of mammary glands but do not greatly influence levels of somatotropin or thyrotropin or the onset or phases of estrous cycles (9). Similarly, chemically induced MTs in rats are inhibited by decreased calorie consumption (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Suppression of mouse mammary tumor proviral DNA and protooncogene expression: association with nutritional regulation of mammary tumor development.

Chen

Good

Engelman

et al. 1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Chronic energy intake restriction (CEIR) reduces mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-induced mammary tumors in C3H/Ou mice. Fewer than 10% of C3H/Ou mice developed mammary tumors during 88 wk of study when subjected to CEIR regardless of calorie source (fat vs. carbohydrate). By contrast, 100% of mice fed ad libitum diets relatively high in fat or carbohydrate or a commercial diet developed tumors by 35-40 wk. MMTV proviral DNA transcription was shown to be activated in spleen, liver, lung, kidney, small intestine, and mammary gland of mice consuming these diets ad libitum. By contrast, these messages were suppressed by CEIR in all tissues analyzed except spleen. MMTV proviral messages in liver and mammary gland increased with age in full-fed mice and were suppressed by CEIR.These frndings suggest that the nutritional regulation ofMMTV proviral DNA expression is tissue-specific. In CEIR mice the suppressed MMTV proviral DNA transcripts in mammary gland and liver increased with time in association with the delayed onset of mammary tumors. Mammary tumorigenesis in C3H mice is associated with integration of MMTV proviral DNA, which appears to activate a putative mammary tumor protooncogene, int-i. CEIR apparently decreases the frequency of viral reintegration adjacent to the int-i gene and thus inhibits expression of int-I and probably an initiation step in mammary tumorigenesis. Expression of other putative protooncogenes, int-2 and ras, in liver tissue was also reduced by CEIR. These frndings indicate that both initiation and promotion of mammary tumorigenesis are influenced by CEIR in C3H/Ou mice. §To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 2385The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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“…two major types of calorie restriction protocols have been applied in mammary tumorigenesis prevention: chronic calorie restriction (ccr) and intermittent calorie restriction (Icr), which refer to the application of periods of ʻon' and ʻoff' caloric restriction. Although CCR has been studied extensively, ICR has been less well studied (9,10). Additionally, in these studies direct comparisons of the two restriction methods (ccr vs. Icr) were not made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic vs. intermittent calorie restriction on mammary tumor incidence and serum adiponectin and leptin levels in MMTV-TGF-α mice at different ages

Doğan

Rogozina²,

Lokshin³

et al. 2010

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. calorie restriction prevents mammary tumor (Mt) development in rodents. Usually, chronic calorie restriction (ccr) has been implemented. In contrast, intermittent calorie restriction (Icr) has been less frequently used. recent studies indicate that when a direct comparison of the same degree of ccr vs. Icr was made using MMtV-tgF-α mice which develop Mts in the second year of life, Icr provided greater protection than ccr in delaying Mt detection and reducing tumor incidence. Adiponectin and leptin are two adipocytokines secreted from adipose tissue which have opposite effects on many physiological functions, including proliferation of human breast cancer cells. A recent study indicated that a low adiponectin/leptin ratio was associated with breast cancer. We evaluated the relationship of adiponectin and leptin to Mt development in MMtV-tgF-α calorie-restricted mice at several ages. Mice were enrolled at 10 weeks of age and subjected to 25% caloric reduction implemented either chronically or intermittently. Mice were euthanized at designated time points up to 74 weeks of age. serum samples were collected to measure adiponectin and leptin concentrations. Both ccr and ICR mice had significantly reduced MT incidence. For the groups studied, serum leptin increased over time, while there was a trend for an increase in serum adiponectin levels in ad libitum and Icr mice, with no change in ccr mice between 10 and 74 weeks of age. the adiponectin/leptin ratio was significantly reduced as mice aged, but this ratio in ICR mice was significantly higher than that for ad libitum and ccr mice. no correlation was noted between serum adiponectin and leptin. These findings demonstrate that intermittent calorie restriction delays the early development of Mts. this delay was associated with reduced serum leptin levels following the restriction phases of the protocol. Additionally, serum leptin levels correlated with body weight and body fat in the groups studied. IntroductionBreast cancer is a leading world-wide health problem, with millions of women succumbing to this disease each year. Animal studies have shown that calorie restriction is one of the most effective ways for the prevention of mammary tumor (MT) development, significantly decreasing both spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumor incidence and tumor size (1-4). In this context, it has been reported that a 20-40% reduction in calorie intake resulted in significant decreases (up to 95%) of Mt incidence (4-8). two major types of calorie restriction protocols have been applied in mammary tumorigenesis prevention: chronic calorie restriction (ccr) and intermittent calorie restriction (Icr), which refer to the application of periods of ʻon' and ʻoff' caloric restriction. Although CCR has been studied extensively, ICR has been less well studied (9,10). Additionally, in these studies direct comparisons of the two restriction methods (ccr vs. Icr) were not made.We directly compared the roles of the two calorie restriction interventions on Mt development in long-term...

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Calorie Consumption Level Influences Development of C3H/Ou Breast Adenocarcinoma with Indifference to Calorie Source

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Energy restriction and the risk of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice: A meta‐analysis

Energy restriction and the risk of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice: A meta‐analysis

Suppression of mouse mammary tumor proviral DNA and protooncogene expression: association with nutritional regulation of mammary tumor development.

Effects of chronic vs. intermittent calorie restriction on mammary tumor incidence and serum adiponectin and leptin levels in MMTV-TGF-α mice at different ages

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