Caloric restriction promotes rapid expansion and long-lasting increase of Lactobacillus in the rat fecal microbiota

Abstract

Previous studies indicated that caloric restricted diet enables to lower significantly the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In experimental animal models, life-long lasting caloric restriction (CR) was demonstrated to induce changes of the intestinal microbiota composition, regardless of fat content and/or exercise. To explore the potential impact of short and long-term CR treatment on the gut microbiota, we conducted an analysis of fecal microbiota composition in young and adult Fisher 344 rats treated with a low fat feed under ad libitum (AL) or CR conditions (70%). We report here significant changes of the rat fecal microbiota that arise rapidly in young growing animals after short-term administration of a CR diet. In particular, Lactobacillus increased significantly after 8 weeks of CR treatment and its relative abundance was significantly higher in CR vs AL fed animals after 36 weeks of dietary intervention. Taken together, our data suggest that Lactobacillus intestinal colonization is hampered in AL fed young rats compared to CR fed ones, while health-promoting CR diet intervention enables the expansion of this genus rapidly and persistently up to adulthood.

In vivo safety assessment of Lactobacillus fermentum strains, evaluation of their cholesterol‐lowering ability and intestinal microbial modulation

“…The human gut microbiota is a complex community and is important for the health status of the host . Alterations in the gut microbiota and diet have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases . Probiotic supplementation has been found to be associated with improvements in health and the intestinal microbial composition, and the supplementation of L. fermentum has been shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota in piglets .…”

“…[33][34][35] Alterations in the gut microbiota and diet have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. [36][37][38][39][40] Probiotic supplementation has been found to be associated with improvements in health and the intestinal microbial composition, 24,41 and the supplementation of L. fermentum has been shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota in piglets. 42 As the global composition and the presence of pathogens or beneficial bacteria are relevant to the host's health, we analyzed the composition of the test animals over 13 weeks of feeding of bacterial strains.…”

Antihyperlipidaemic effect of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum LIP‐1 on hyperlipidaemic rats

“…26 LIP-1 colonized the colon and promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria; the increased SCFAs produced by carbohydrates fermented by the bacteria can reduce intestinal permeability and prevent potentially harmful by-products translocating into the bloodstream and reaching the liver, 41 and they can effectively reduce tissue inflammation and relieve liver damage. 48,49 Furthermore, in physiological conditions, SCFAs are circulated by the blood and delivered to the liver, and increases in SCFAs can inhibit the synthesis of liver CHO and fatty acid. Previous studies have shown that LIP-1 has a good ability to clear intestinal CHO; the ability of certain LIP-1s to survive and grow in the colon is important in decreasing the absorption of dietary CHO from the digestive system to the blood and has the potential to aid in the control of serum and liver CHO.…”

Immunometabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: tissue-specific interactions

“…are also affected. Rats that went through short-and long-term periods of caloric restriction displayed increased proliferation of this genus [154]. Lactobacilli are probiotics with mainly anti-inflammatory effects [155] capable of regulating Th17/Treg differentiation [156], altering the Th1/Th2 ratio [157], and suppressing macrophage WAT infiltration [158].…”