Caloric intake and liver dysfunction in critically ill patients

Abstract

The pathogenesis of artificial nutrition associated with liver dysfunction is related to overfeeding and sepsis with a pathophysiology, similar to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Changing nutritional strategies and adding new drugs will prevent, in part, liver dysfunction in these patients.

The tight calorie control study (TICACOS): a prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study of nutritional support in critically ill patients

“…The frequency and dangers of underfeeding have been elaborated above. However, overfeeding, too, may be seen in critically ill patients, and may be associated with complications such as increased infectious rate [27], liver dysfunction [28], Fig. 2 a Kaplan-Meier curves for hospital discharge mortality for all patients (intention to treat) (n = 130).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet

“…The liver plays a crucial role in metabolizing nutritional substrates and is centrally involved in regulating the inflammatory response to nutrients and injury [24]. Hepatic inflammation may be a characteristic of chronic high-energy intake [25].…”

Parenteral nutrition in the mature horse

“…Many critically ill human patients actually have lower energy expenditure than healthy subjects, largely due to inactivity in the former group (Sternberg et al . 2000; Grau and Bonet 2009). Current recommendations in human critical care include provision of adequate or slightly increased nitrogen intake (amino acids) with slight under provision of calories (Martindale et al .…”

“…Critical illness may result in protein catabolism as a result of the release of cytokines combined with increased secretion of catabolic hormones (Chrousos 1995; Grau and Bonet 2009). Based on this, ensuring adequate to slight overfeeding of amino acids or protein is recommended.…”