Callous–Unemotional Traits as Markers for Conduct Problem Severity in Early Childhood: A Meta-analysis

Longman, Thea; Hawes, David J.; Kohlhoff, Jane

doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0564-9

Cited by 92 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Q‐statistics for tests of heterogeneity were used to examine effect size distributions. Statistically significant Q‐statistics indicate sources other than sampling error may result in differences in effect sizes (Longman, Hawes, & Kohlhoff, ). Random effects models were used to examine categorical moderators and meta‐regression analyses used to examine continuous moderator variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of risk and protective factors in the modification of risk for sexual victimization, sexual risk behaviors, and survival sex among homeless youth: A meta‐analysis

Heerde

Hemphill

2016

Journal Invest Psychology

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Youth homelessness is a multifaceted and significant social problem. For many homeless youth, the risk for exposure to sexual exploitation is high, with the experience of sexual victimization and engaging in sexual risk behaviors and survival sex commonplace. This meta‐analysis appraised internationally published literature to investigate the role of risk and protective factors in modifying the occurrence of sexual victimization, sexual risk behaviors, and survival sex among homeless youth. A comprehensive search of psychology, sociology, medicine, health, and criminology electronic abstraction databases was conducted for the period 1990–2016. Search terms included “homeless,” “rape,” “sexual victimization,” “unsafe sex,” and “survival sex.” The perpetration of sexual offences was included in the search strategy. Eighteen studies, examining sexual victimization, sexual risk behavior, and survival sex, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. All but two studies were conducted in the United States. No retrieved studies examined sexual offending; hence, this could not be included in the meta‐analysis. Findings showed that substance use, exposure to violence and crime (as victims and perpetrators), childhood abuse, sexual behavior, and peers' antisocial and sexual behavior were unique factors increasing the likelihood for each of sexual victimization, engagement in sexual risk behavior, and engagement in survival sex. Protective factors were peer and family social support. Moderator analyses showed that the influence of risk factors may differ based on study design, sample size, study country of origin, and participant age and gender. Findings suggest that risk and protective factors may be important mechanisms by which to modify the occurrence of adverse sexual behavior outcomes and better contextualize prevention and early intervention strategies for homeless youth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of risk and protective factors in the modification of risk for sexual victimization, sexual risk behaviors, and survival sex among homeless youth: A meta‐analysis

Heerde

Hemphill

2016

Journal Invest Psychology

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“…Finally, treatment research suggests that interventions implemented prior to school age, when behavior is potentially more malleable, are particularly efficacious (Reid, Webster-Stratton, & Baydar, 2004). Similar to CU traits in adolescence, CU behaviors measured as early as age 3 are uniquely related to lower guilt and empathy (Waller, Hyde, Grabell, Alves, & Olson, 2015) and predict later behavior problems (Longman, Hawes, & Kohlhoff, 2016; Waller, Hyde et al, 2015). CU behaviors in early childhood also predict CU traits in late childhood (Waller et al, 2016).…”

Section: Callous-unemotional (Cu) Behaviors In Early Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Callous Unemotional Behaviors and Executive Function in Early Childhood Predict later Aggression and Lower Peer-liking in Late-childhood

Waller

Hyde

Baskin‐Sommers

et al. 2016

J Abnorm Child Psychol

107

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Callous unemotional (CU) behaviors are linked to aggression, behavior problems, and difficulties in peer relationships in children and adolescents. However, few studies have examined whether early childhood CU behaviors predict aggression or peer-rejection during late-childhood or potential moderation of this relationship by executive function. The current study examined whether the interaction of CU behaviors and executive function in early childhood predicted different forms of aggression in late-childhood, including proactive, reactive, and relational aggression, as well as how much children were liked by their peers. Data from cross-informant reports and multiple observational tasks were collected from a high-risk sample (N=240; female=118) at ages 3 and 10 years old. Parent reports of CU behaviors at age 3 predicted teacher reports of reactive, proactive, and relational aggression, as well as lower peer-liking at age 10. Moderation analysis showed that specifically at high levels of CU behaviors and low levels of observed executive function, children were reported by teachers as showing greater reactive and proactive aggression, and were less-liked by peers. Findings demonstrate that early childhood CU behaviors and executive function have unique main and interactive effects on both later aggression and lower peer-liking even when taking into account stability in behavior problems over time. By elucidating how CU behaviors and deficits in executive function potentiate each other during early childhood, we can better characterize the emergence of severe and persistent behavior and interpersonal difficulties across development.

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“…Recently, there has been a growing interest in studying CU traits in early childhood (Hyde et al, 2013;Kimonis et al, 2016), notably for its value in helping to identify children at risk for persistent and severe behavior problems and for prevention efforts (Frick et al, 2014). Recent studies have identified CU traits in children as young as 2 (Hyde et al, 2013), and meta-analytic findings indicate that there is a large, positive association between CU traits and conduct problems in early childhood (Longman, Hawes, & Kohlhoff, 2015). These findings suggest that CU traits in very young children are a meaningful risk factor for concurrent and future behavior problems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced neural responses to vocal fear: a potential biomarker for callous‐uncaring traits in early childhood

Hoyniak

Bates

Petersen

et al. 2017

Developmental Science

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Callous–Unemotional Traits as Markers for Conduct Problem Severity in Early Childhood: A Meta-analysis

Cited by 92 publications

References 53 publications

The role of risk and protective factors in the modification of risk for sexual victimization, sexual risk behaviors, and survival sex among homeless youth: A meta‐analysis

The role of risk and protective factors in the modification of risk for sexual victimization, sexual risk behaviors, and survival sex among homeless youth: A meta‐analysis

Interactions between Callous Unemotional Behaviors and Executive Function in Early Childhood Predict later Aggression and Lower Peer-liking in Late-childhood

Reduced neural responses to vocal fear: a potential biomarker for callous‐uncaring traits in early childhood

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