Callose Substance in Plant Cells

Currier, H. B.

doi:10.2307/2438916

Cited by 202 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…Callose is generally considered to form a barrier as in wounded tissue where it plugs the damaged area (Currier, 1957). Jensen and Fisher (1969) reported its deposition in the transmitting tissue of Gossypium hirsutum after passage of the pollen tubes, as described here in avocado.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Both aniline blue and resorcin blue have been described as stains for callose (Currier, 1957;Eschrich, 1956), which is a ~-1, 3-glucan (Kessler, 1958). However, the physicochemical basis for the staining has not been established (Clarke and Stone, 1963) and Reynolds and Dashek (1976) reported consistent staining of pollen tube walls with lacmoid blue (an analogue of resorcin blue) but not with aniline blue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced pollen tube growth and the presence of callose in the pistil of the male floral stage of the avocado

Sedgley

1977

Scientia Horticulturae

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Sedgley, M., 1977. Reduced pollen tube growth and the presence of callose in the pistil of the male floral stage of the avocado. Scientia Hort., 7 : 27--36.Pollen tube growth was studied in the pistil of the male floral stage of the avocado. Selfpollination of the male stage occurred but pollen tubes did not reach the ovary. When female and male stages were hand pollinated, fewer pollen tubes were present in the pistil of the male than in the female stage. A tube reached the ovary in only 1 of 110 male stage pistils, as compared with all female stage pistils observed. Flowers pollinated in the female stage were retained on the plant for longer than flowers pollinated in the male stage.Aniline blue-positive and resorcin blue-positive material (callose) was not present in the pistil of flowers in the female stage but occurred in 46 % of the aniline blue-stained and 30 % of the resorcin blue-stained pistils in the male floral stage. By 42 h after first opening, callose was present in every pistil observed, in association with the cell walls of the stigmatic papillae, the transmitting tissue, the vascular tissue or the cortex and epidermis or a combination of these tissues. Callose occured earlier in pollinated than in unpollinated pistils, particularly in the transmitting tissue.It is suggested that reduced pollen tube growth in the pistil of the male floral stage of the avocado is associated with the presence of callose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced pollen tube growth and the presence of callose in the pistil of the male floral stage of the avocado

Sedgley

1977

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…The increase in size reflected a 5-fold higher fluorescence intensity ( Fig. 2D) emitted by callose-adsorbed aniline blue (Currier, 1957) in the deposit and a 4-fold higher total callose synthase activity in 35S::PMR4-GFP leaf tissue relative to the wild type (Fig. 2F).…”

Section: Callose Deposition During Early Time Points Of Infection Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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A common response by plants to fungal attack is deposition of callose, a (1,3)-b-glucan polymer, in the form of cell wall thickenings called papillae, at site of wall penetration. While it has been generally believed that the papillae provide a structural barrier to slow fungal penetration, this idea has been challenged in recent studies of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where fungal resistance was found to be independent of callose deposition. To the contrary, we show that callose can strongly support penetration resistance when deposited in elevated amounts at early time points of infection. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT4 (PMR4), which encodes a stress-induced callose synthase, under the control of the constitutive 35S promoter. In these lines, we detected callose synthase activity that was four times higher than that in wild-type plants 6 h post inoculation with the virulent powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum. The callose synthase activity was correlated with enlarged callose deposits and the focal accumulation of green fluorescent protein-tagged PMR4 at sites of attempted fungal penetration. We observed similar results from infection studies with the nonadapted powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Haustoria formation was prevented in resistant transgenic lines during both types of powdery mildew infection, and neither the salicylic acid-dependent nor jasmonate-dependent pathways were induced. We present a schematic model that highlights the differences in callose deposition between the resistant transgenic lines and the susceptible wild-type plants during compatible and incompatible interactions between Arabidopsis and powdery mildew.Land plants are exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens and, accordingly, have evolved a variety of strategies that facilitate an early and rapid recognition of pathogens and the mobilization of biochemical and structural defenses. As a result, successful infection of plants by pathogens is the exception rather than the rule (

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“…Localization of callose (b-1,3 glucans) was identified in 5-mm-thick deparaffinized sections by using 0.005% aniline blue in 0.15 M K 2 PO 4 at pH 8.2 (Currier 1957). The aniline blue solution was placed on the sections, a coverslip was added, and sections were viewed with a Zeiss Axioplan II compound microscope (http://www.zeiss.com) in reflected-fluorescence mode with a UV excitation filter (265 nm) and a barrier filter cutoff at 430 nm.…”

Section: Contrast Enhancement and Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicellular Secretory Trichome Development on Soybean and RelatedGlycineGynoecia

Healy

Palmer

Horner³

2009

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Multicellular glandular trichomes form on gynoecia of wild annual Glycine species, annual soybean cultivars, and wild perennial Glycine species. These trichomes occur from the ovary base to the style base and, in perennial species, along the style as well.Trichomes form at least 2 d before anthesis, and new trichomes develop throughout flowering and also on young seed pods. Trichome structure is similar in all taxa examined, usually five to seven linearly arranged cells. Stalk cells with callose walls become highly vacuolate, and their cytoplasms have reduced numbers of Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum. During secretion, two to four distal cells develop dense cytoplasms containing both prominent Golgi bodies with large vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum with enlarged lumens. Both organelles are involved in forming carbohydrate/protein secretory products. Internal secretion begins with products exuding between the plasmalemma and the primary wall of each distal cell. Secretion progresses between the primary wall and the outermost cuticle that entirely covers the trichome, which is thicker and more highly modified than a normal cuticle. This cuticle separates from cell walls in secretion regions. Products are exuded outside, occur on the inner surface of trichome and gynoecium, and are more obvious in perennial than in annual taxa. The composition and function of products are unknown. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Multicellular glandular trichomes form on gynoecia of wild annual Glycine species, annual soybean cultivars, and wild perennial Glycine species. These trichomes occur from the ovary base to the style base and, in perennial species, along the style as well. Trichomes form at least 2 d before anthesis, and new trichomes develop throughout flowering and also on young seed pods. Trichome structure is similar in all taxa examined, usually five to seven linearly arranged cells. Stalk cells with callose walls become highly vacuolate, and their cytoplasms have reduced numbers of Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum. During secretion, two to four distal cells develop dense cytoplasms containing both prominent Golgi bodies with large vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum with enlarged lumens. Both organelles are involved in forming carbohydrate/protein secretory products. Internal secretion begins with products exuding between the plasmalemma and the primary wall of each distal cell. Secretion progresses between the primary wall and the outermost cuticle that entirely covers the trichome, which is thicker and more highly modified than a normal cuticle. This cuticle separates from cell walls in secretion regions. Products are exuded outside, occur on the inner surface of trichome and gynoecium, and are more obvious in perennial than in annual taxa. The composition and function of products are unknown.

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Callose Substance in Plant Cells

Cited by 202 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced pollen tube growth and the presence of callose in the pistil of the male floral stage of the avocado

Reduced pollen tube growth and the presence of callose in the pistil of the male floral stage of the avocado

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

Multicellular Secretory Trichome Development on Soybean and RelatedGlycineGynoecia

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