Calling Activity of a Stream-Breeding Frog from the Austral Neotropics: Temporal Patterns of Activity and the Role of Environmental Factors

The peculiar breeding biology of the Amazonian frog Allobates subfolionidificans (Aromobatidae)

“…The daily cycle of calling activity of the studied species showed a consistent bimodal pattern throughout the year, with peaks in the morning and in the afternoon. The same pattern was quantitatively demonstrated for A. femoralis in Central Amazonia , thus reinforcing the notion that abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity and light intensity play a significant role in the diel variation in the emission of advertisement calls by diurnal frogs (Caldart et al 2016). During the year, vocalization of A. subfolionidificans was restricted to the rainy season, as occurs in most of the Allobates species inhabiting Amazonian environments where seasonality is mostly determined by precipitation levels (Aichinger 1987, Allmon 1991.…”

First record of growth rings for 11 native subtropical anuran species of South America

“…According to Koppen's climate classification, the region's climate is considered humid subtropical (Cfa-Cfb), with well-defined temperature seasonality (Alvares et al 2013). All sampled species have seasonal activity pattern linked to the warm season (see Sá and gerhau 1983, Kwet and Miranda 2001, Kaefer et al 2007, Both et al 2008, Narvaes and Rodrigues 2009, Machado et al 2014, Caldart et al 2016 Three specimens of each species were examined. The following measurements were made for each specimen: body mass (BM), using a balance (0.01-g precision) and snout-vent length (SVl), using a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm.…”

Seasonal Reproductive Dynamics of a Lek-Breeding Neotropical Treefrog is not Organized by Male Size (Anura, Hylidae)

“…After marking and measuring, we released the calling males exactly where we found them. Given that anurans are ectothermic and have life cycles that are strongly associated with water, we selected specific climatic traits that could potentially influence or limit the reproductive activity of males of the species, with a focus on understanding the seasonal reproductive dynamics of Dendropsophus sanborni (Saenz et al, 2006;de Sá et al, 2014;Caldart et al, 2016;Plenderleith et al, 2018). During each field visit we also recorded the meteorological conditions of air and water temperature and relative air humidity using a digital thermohygrometer (Incoterm, model 7429, to the nearest 1°C and 5% relative air humidity).…”