Calling a salad a federation: An investigation of semantic jargon. Part 2—verbs

Marshall, Jane; Chiat, Shula; Robson, Jo; Pring, Tim

doi:10.1016/s0911-6044(97)82797-2

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The close relationship between word-finding difficulties and semantic jargon correspond to the gap-filling hypothesis for semantic jargon (Marshall et al, 1996) and also for neologistic jargon (Buckingham, 1977;Buckingham & Kertesz, 1976), in which paraphasias fill in gaps caused by wordfinding difficulties. Disruption of nominal processes in the microgenetic model might have contributed to semantic jargon in this patient although it might be less critical compared with disruption of semantic processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Although many cases of neologistic jargon have been documented, case reports of semantic jargon are extremely rare, suggesting that semantic jargon may occur more rarely than neologistic jargon. To our knowledge, only a small number of reports have documented cases of semantic jargon in detail (Brown, 1981;Marshall, Chiat, Robson, & Pring, 1996). Marshall et al (1996) suggested that semantic jargon arises from difficulties in lexical access, resulting in missing noun slots being filled with paraphasias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, only a small number of reports have documented cases of semantic jargon in detail (Brown, 1981;Marshall, Chiat, Robson, & Pring, 1996). Marshall et al (1996) suggested that semantic jargon arises from difficulties in lexical access, resulting in missing noun slots being filled with paraphasias. Brown (1981) emphasized an association between semantic jargon and attentional dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional dysfunction and word-finding difficulties are related to semantic jargon after a thalamic lesion: a case report

Nakajima

Funayama

2017

Aphasiology

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Background: Although many case reports on neologistic jargon have been documented, reports on semantic jargon are extremely rare, suggesting that semantic jargon may occur more rarely than neologistic jargon. Aims: To investigate potential mechanisms underlying semantic jargon. Methods & Procedures:We describe a patient who presented with semantic jargon after a left thalamic hemorrhage that mainly affected the pulvinar, lateral posterior nucleus, centromedian nucleus, and reticular nucleus. She was followed for 8 years, during which the temporal changes in her linguistic and neuropsychological functions were investigated. Outcomes & Results: The patient's semantic jargon disappeared and selective attention improved in parallel. Word-finding deficits remained at the end of the observation period. Conclusions: Our observations of this patient suggest that a thalamic lesion can cause attentional and linguistic dysfunction that does not activate an intended word and its images and, conversely, fails to inactivate non-relevant words and associated images, resulting in semantic jargon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional dysfunction and word-finding difficulties are related to semantic jargon after a thalamic lesion: a case report

Nakajima

Funayama

2017

Aphasiology

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“…Another class of semantic accounts hinges on the observation that nouns and verbs differ along continuous semantic dimensions like concreteness [21,22] and imageability [23]. On these hypotheses, noun or verb production might be impaired following brain damage because of an inability to access information about the meaningful features of concrete words (noun deficits) or abstract words (verb deficits).…”

Section: Are Nouns and Verbs Distinguished At The Semantic Level?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The representation of grammatical categories in the brain

Shapiro

Caramazza

2003

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

127

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Language relies on the rule-based combination of words with different grammatical properties, such as nouns and verbs. Yet most research on the problem of word retrieval has focused on the production of concrete nouns, leaving open a crucial question: how is knowledge about different grammatical categories represented in the brain, and what components of the language production system make use of it? Drawing on evidence from neuropsychology, electrophysiology and neuroimaging, we argue that information about a word's grammatical category might be represented independently of its meaning at the levels of word form and morphological computation.Understanding how words are represented and retrieved in the brain will be crucial to any eventual neurobiological theory of language. The problem goes beyond determining how neural circuits encoding a particular conceptual representation are mapped to a unique and arbitrary set of representations for sounds, letters, or gestures: although this might suffice for the production of isolated words, it fails to specify how words are combined into phrases and sentences. How do we know, for example, that 'the singing are birds' is not a well-formed alternative to 'the birds are singing'? (And why are such exchanges rare even among speech errors? [1]) The most obvious answer is that bird and sing belong to different grammatical categories -noun and verb, respectively -with different syntactic roles, and that this information is encoded in the brain and accessed during the course of language production.Even though grammatical categories are not created equal [2], most research in the area of lexical access has used the production of concrete nouns as a proxy for word production in general. Therefore, it is not too surprising that our current picture of the cortical organization of lexical knowledge leaves little room for mechanisms that might be sensitive to differences between words of different categories. A recent review of neuroimaging studies of lexical access parcels the left perisylvian cortex into areas involved in retrieving word forms from concepts and in various stages of phonological processing [3], but sheds little light on the question of how and where the brain processes a word's grammatical role.This picture might change as more researchers use neuroscientific methods to address finer-grained questions about the representation of words in the brain. To date, however, experiments on the retrieval of grammatical category information have yielded conflicting results. Although electrophysiological measures have suggested that nouns and verbs are processed by distinct neural generators, neuroimaging has turned up little evidence for an anatomical distinction. The neuroimaging results have led some to argue that words are stored in distributed networks, in which categorical distinctions are not explicitly represented [4] -a conclusion that is at odds with what is known from the study of patients with language deficits following brain damage. Are we at an empirical impasse...

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“…Do the dissociations reflect specifically grammatical class effects or do they reveal the effects of semantic properties correlated with the grammatical classes ''noun'' and ''verb''? Because verbs typically denote actions and are more abstract (or low imageability), whereas nouns typically denote objects and are more concrete (or high imageability), it has been proposed that the observed dissociations reflect the organization of semantic knowledge rather than effects of the grammatical properties of words (Breedin, Saffran, & Schwartz, 1998;Marshall, Chiat, Ronson, & Pring, 1996;McCarthy & Warrington, 1985). For example, it has been argued that selective impairment in processing verbs reflects difficulty in processing low-imageability words, resulting in greater impairment for verbs only because these words tend to be of low imageability (Bird, Howard, & Franklin, 2000; but see Caramazza & Shapiro, in press;Berndt, Haendiges, Burton, & Mitchum, 2002, for arguments and evidence that challenge the strong version of this hypothesis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modality-Specific Deterioration in Naming Verbs in Nonfluent Primary Progressive Aphasia

Hillis

Tuffiash

Caramazza

2002

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

126

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Abstract& A longitudinal study of oral and written naming and comprehension of nouns and verbs in an individual (M. M. L.) with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is reported. M. M. L. showed progressive deterioration of oral naming of verbs well before deterioration of written naming of verbs and before deterioration of oral or written naming of nouns. Her comprehension of both nouns and verbs remained intact, at least relative to oral naming of verbs. Her performance is compared to that of two other individuals with nonfluent PPA, who were tested at two time points. These patients showed similar patterns with respect to grammatical word class (verbs more impaired than nouns) and modality (spoken production more impaired than written production), but somewhat different courses of deterioration. The modality-specific nature of the observed verb production deficits rules out a semantic locus for the grammatical class effects. The results provide a new source of evidence for the hypothesis that there are distinct neural mechanisms for accessing lexical representations of nouns and verbs in language production. &

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Calling a salad a federation: An investigation of semantic jargon. Part 2—verbs

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

Attentional dysfunction and word-finding difficulties are related to semantic jargon after a thalamic lesion: a case report

Attentional dysfunction and word-finding difficulties are related to semantic jargon after a thalamic lesion: a case report

The representation of grammatical categories in the brain

Modality-Specific Deterioration in Naming Verbs in Nonfluent Primary Progressive Aphasia

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