Call Usage Learning by a Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) in a Categorical Matching Task

Abstract

The ability to modify the structure and context of vocalizations through learning plays a key role in the social interactions of many species. The investigation of categorical matching, an aspect of contextual vocal learning, is the first step toward determining how contextual learning plays a role in the use, comprehension, and categorization of sounds in the wild. To this end, we conducted a study at the Vancouver Aquarium to test the ability of a juvenile female beluga, Qila, to respond to playbacks of two types of in-air beluga calls with vocalizations that matched the category of call played (a scream, which is a vocalization type shaped over time with reinforcement and not part of this species'natural repertoire, and a pulse-train, a natural call category). We first tested Qila with random sequences of the same version of the two vocalizations with which she had been trained. Her overall success in matching all playback stimuli was above chance but not statistically so (66%). She had more difficulty matching screams (54% success) than pulse trains (80% success). We next played random sequences of six novel pulse-trains and seven novel screams, which Qila had not been trained with. She responded correctly to the set of novel stimuli of both call types in 64% of the trials, a success rate that did not differ statistically from chance. Again, she had more difficulty matching screams (55% success), relative to pulse trains (74% success). These results indicate that Qila successfully matched only pulse trains, the class that is part of this species’ natural repertoire. Her poor performance on matching screams might be partly explained by a difficulty to perceive categorically a signal that lacks a function in the natural repertoire of belugas.

Geographic variation in simple contact calls of Canadian beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)

“…Individual bottlenose dolphins have been reported to quickly learn to imitate pulsed sounds and whistles, learning to copy sounds spontaneously within seconds of exposure (Tyack & Sayigh, 1997). In beluga, vocal learning has been demonstrated or inferred in various captive studies (e.g., Ames & Vergara, 2020; Eaton, 1979; Murayama et al, 2014; Panova & Agafanov, 2017; Ridgway et al, 2012; Vergara & Barrett‐Lennard, 2008, 2017). Vergara and Barrett‐Lennard (2008) examined the development and acquisition of acoustic communication in a beluga calf from birth onward.…”