Calixarenes as sensor materials for recognition and separation of metal ions

Abstract

Chemical separation and speciation are two fundamental processes that have ushered significant advances in biological and material world. The underlying principles for most innovative separations involve molecular recognition and its subsequent translation to methodologies for detection and separation. Recent advances in the field have demonstrated that calix[n]arenes are attractive sensor materials for recognition of metal ions and small molecules and they can be employed for designing novel molecular filters. An overview of related work on the synthesis and evaluation of calixarene based molecular receptors is presented.

Gold Electrodes Modified with Calix[4]arene for Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine in the Presence of Selected Neurotransmitters

“…The calixarenes belong to cavity-shaped cyclic compounds which are broadly applied in a supramolecular recognition process as host molecules [ 17 , 18 ]. A number of studies relating to the calixarenes and their derivatives have shown that they are very sensitive, and selective recognition elements in electrochemical sensors are destined for metal ions determination [ 19 , 20 ]. The calixarenes-based sensors are also suitable for the determination of small biomolecules [ 18 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Comparative Study of a Sensing Platform via Functionalized Calix[4]resorcinarene Ionophores on QCM Resonator as Sensing Materials for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Environments

“…Macrocyclic ionophores as cyclodextrines [12, 13], crown ethers [14], and calixarenes/ calixresorcinarenes [2, 10, 11, 15–19] are effectively employed as surface modifiers and selective sensing platforms. Calix‐ionophores, due to their distinctive host‐guest interactions, selective capabilities, and amphiphilic character are broadly used in sensing networks [17, 20–24].…”

Synthesis of the BCAC4ND2 Ionophore from p-t-Butylcalix[4]arene Ethylester

“…Both of these functional groups can be modified to produce ionophores that are selective about compounds or metal ions [2] [3] [4]. For example, modification of the t-butyl group over the annular ring with a tetramer or hexamer group produces an ionophore that is selective to the cations of Rb, Sr, Cs, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals [5].…”

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Research on the synthesis of the BCAC4ND2 ionophore from p-t-butylcalix [4]arene ethylester has been carried out. This study aims to synthesize the BCAC4ND2 ionophor from p-t-butylcalix[4]arene ethylester.

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“…This study aims to synthesize the BCAC4ND2 ionophor from p-t-butylcalix[4]arene ethylester. The BCAC4ND2 ionophore is synthesized by hydrolyzing p-t-butylcalix [4]arene ethylester in aqueous KOH-ethanol of 95%. The hydrolysis reaction of these base-promoted esters are refluxed for 28 hours at 78 o C. The BCAC4ND2 ionophore was identified and characterized by melting point, thin layer chromatography (…”