Calix[4]arenes functionalized dual‐imprinted mesoporous film for the simultaneous selective recovery of lithium and rubidium

Abstract

Calixarenes have been drawing tremendous interest due to their special structure, superior properties and numerous applications. In this work, a novel adsorbent material, calix[4]arenes functionalized dual‐imprinted mesoporous film (DIMFs) for the simultaneous selective recovery of Li(I) and Rb(I), was prepared via surface ionic imprinting. Compared with ordinary adsorbent materials, the synthesis process of the films used a cheap bio‐template and did not require extra steps but significantly enhances adsorption properties. The morphology and structure of prepared DIMFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. Adsorption parameters (pH and temperature), adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of the DIMFs were investigated by adsorption experiments. This novel adsorbent has inorganic–organic hybrid frameworks, high specific surface area and uniform pore size. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics of DIMFs were investigated; suggesting that the adsorption data well fits the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption kinetics can be described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. In addition, dual‐imprinted mesoporous film exhibited superior selectivity for Li(I) and Rb(I). Cycle test demonstrated an outstanding of reusability, which appreciating their potential for industrial application.

Selective Recovery of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine by Using Ion-Imprinted Polymers

“…Moreover, the size of the cyclic cavity of the calix[4]­arene is comparable to the radius of Li + . Therefore, the size-site resistance effect enables calix[4]­arene to exhibit exceptional selectivity for Li + , allowing the direct entry of Li + into its cavity. − In addition, compared with Li­(I)-NIPs, Li­(I)-IIPs show higher selectivity due to the imprinting process that allows Li­(I)-IIPs to have a higher affinity for Li + .…”

Progress and Prospect of Ion Imprinting Technology in Targeted Extraction of Lithium

“…[ 83 , 84 ]; cross-linking agents commonly used are ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) [ 40 , 41 ], trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) [ 85 ], tetrabutyl titanate (TBT), triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate, etc. ; the most common initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) [ 86 ]; solvents are generally of low polarity, and they are mostly in anhydrous ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), acetonitrile (CH 3 CN), methanol (CH 3 OH) and dimethylformamide (DMA) [ 87 ].…”

“… ( A ) Template ions; ( B ) complexing agent; ( C ) functional monomer; ( D ) cross-linking agent; ( E ) solvent [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]. …”

“…[83,84]; cross-linking agents commonly used are ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) [40,41], trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) [85], tetrabutyl titanate (TBT), triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate, etc. ; the most common initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) [86]; solvents are generally of low polarity, and they are mostly in anhydrous ethanol (C2H5OH), acetonitrile (CH3CN), methanol (CH3OH) and dimethylformamide (DMA) [87]. This chapter primarily covers five key aspects: (1) introducing the system for preparing lithium ion-imprinted materials; (2) describing the utilization of chemical calculations to select the suitable complexing agent; (3) elaborating on conventional methods employed in the preparation of lithium ion-imprinted materials; (4) outlining methods for characterizing these materials; and (5) introducing fitting equations for evaluating the properties of the materials.…”