Calix[4]arene-based crab-like molecular sensors for highly selective detection of mercury and copper ions

Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

“…The majority of calixarene-based copper sensors respond to the presence of copper with a noticeable quenching of the fluorescence emission. 1132,1133 This behavior is in line with other reports where the presence of copper induces fluorescence quenching, in both biological 1134 and nonbiological systems, 1135 and is thought to be a result of energy transfer from the fluorescent energy donor to the nonfluorescent metal−ligand bonds, 1136 or charge-transfer type interactions. 1137 Less common copper-induced fluorescence enhancement, such as seen using host 23 (Figure 36), 350 can occur via copper-induced aggregation, in cases where such aggregates display aggregation-induced emission; 1138 copperinduced formation of a metal-to-ligand charge transfer band, for the right combination of copper salt and copper-chelating ligand; 1139 and copper-induced structural rigidification of an already existing fluorophore, resulting in potentially significant fluorescent enhancements.…”

Captivating nano sensors for mercury detection: a promising approach for monitoring of toxic mercury in environmental samples

“…for metal detection, such as colorimetric and uorescence detection via engaging scaffolds such as rhodamine-B, [22][23][24][25][26] 1,8naphthalimide, [27][28][29] coumarin, [30][31][32] pyrene, [33][34][35] calixarene, 36,37 and hydroxyquinolines [38][39][40] etc. Nevertheless, certain sensors exhibit limitations due to challenges in synthesis, expensive starting materials, or insufficient selectivity, and typically operate within organic solvents, thereby restricting their applicability in real environmental conditions.…”

Removal of Hg(ii) in aqueous solutions through physical and chemical adsorption principles

“…Zadmard et al also fabricated calixarene-based crab-like molecular sensors for highly selective detection of mercury ions. 62 These similar organic macromolecules remove Hg(II) through ligand exchange and complexation. Magnetic adsorbents are readily separated and recovered and can selectively remove the toxic pollutant from water.…”