California Psychological Inventory

Groth‐Marnat, Gary; Mullard, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0152

Cited by 30 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…In this first long-term follow-up, breath holding duration showed to be a reliable measure over time and its high test-retest reliability suggests the determination of BHT by relatively stable trait characteristics comparable to common personality inventories with 1-year follow-up retests (Groth-Marnat and Mullard, 2010) or other peripheral physiological trait measures such as heart rate variability (Bertsch et al, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Breath holding duration as a measure of distress tolerance: examining its relation to measures of executive control

Sütterlin¹,

Schroijen²,

Constantinou³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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Recent research considers distress (in)tolerance as an essential component in the development of various forms of psychopathology. A behavioral task frequently used to assess distress tolerance is the breath holding task. Although breath holding time (BHT) has been associated with behavioral outcomes related to inhibitory control (e.g., smoking cessation), the relationship among breath holding and direct measures of executive control has not yet been thoroughly examined. The present study aims to assess (a) the BHT-task's test-retest reliability in a 1-year follow-up and (b) the relationship between a series of executive function tasks and breath holding duration. One hundred and thirteen students completed an initial BHT assessment, 58 of which also completed a series of executive function tasks [the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Parametric Go/No-Go task and the N-back memory updating task]. A subsample of these students (N = 34) repeated the breath holding task in a second session 1 year later. Test-retest reliability of the BHT-task over a 1-year period was high (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), but none of the executive function tasks was significantly associated with BHT. The rather moderate levels of unpleasantness induced by breath holding in our sample may suggest that other processes (physiological, motivational) besides distress tolerance influence BHT. Overall, the current findings do not support the assumption of active inhibitory control in the BHT-task in a healthy sample. Our findings suggest that individual differences (e.g., in interoceptive or anxiety sensitivity) should be taken into account when examining the validity of BHT as a measure of distress tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Breath holding duration as a measure of distress tolerance: examining its relation to measures of executive control

Sütterlin¹,

Schroijen²,

Constantinou³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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“…Therapists commonly use the HTP with children between the ages of 3/4 to 15 years (Bluestein, 1978). Due to the familiarity of a house, a tree, and a person, children doing a freehand drawing project their feelings onto these prototypical images (Groth-Marnat, 1997). The authors also used the HTP like previous researchers to locate “common factors in an identified group of people” (Oster, & Crone, 2004, p. 92; Nuttman-Shwartz et al, 2010; Rudenberg et al, 1998; Wang, Xu, & Wang, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haitian children’s resilience and vulnerability assessed with house–tree–person (HTP) drawings.

Roysircar¹,

Colvin²,

Afolayan³

et al. 2017

Traumatology

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House-Tree-Person (HTP) Test drawings by children (N ϭ 131; age range 6 -15) in Haiti were studied statistically to assess for resilience and vulnerability post-2010 Haiti earthquake. Consistent with ecological theory, item contents indicated that resilience was derived from systems of home life and familial relationships, reflections on self-other interactions, interpersonal relationships, and connectedness with the environment, and that vulnerability was derived from living without external systemic support, placing a child at risk for an intrapersonal life of negative representation of self, self-in-relation to others, and personal-social attitudes. A pilot qualitative study developed item criteria with themes of resilience and vulnerability. While exploratory analyses of the scoring system led to the formation of resilience (RES) and Vulnerability (VUL) items (31 items) that were scored as present or not present (1 or 0) in the sample's drawings. For the study, several raters scored the same participant's 3 drawings, which showed fair interrater reliability through ICCs, moderate Cronbach's alphas, and a strong negative correlation between RES and VUL. A multivariate regression analysis for RES and VUL showed differences by age and sex, as well as trends in RES and VUL across time for participant locations that were impacted differently by postearthquake conditions. Over 50% of participants had significantly different RES and VUL scores that were not due to measurement error, suggesting differential individual profiles. The majority had higher RES scores and a few had significantly higher VUL scores, showing that resilience was the cultural norm for Haitian children. It is recommended that vulnerable Haitian children would benefit from strength-based resilience counseling for trauma. An innovative study applied the controversial HTP tool in a way that has not been done before to assess Haitian children who are exposed to continuous trauma. The study is important by virtue of examining over time the applicability and scope of the nonverbal HTP test to assess for adaptation and maladaptation in a non-English speaking and socioculturally different community in the Caribbean.

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“…Thus, it may be that when provided with effective responses to risky social situations, women at risk for sexual victimization are able to execute skillfully these responses, suggesting that difficulties in responding effectively in risky situations may be specific to decoding and decision-making processes. Related work provides additional evidence suggesting that difficulties may not extend to the enactment phase (i.e., response performance) of the SIP model (e.g., Holtzworth-Munroe, 1992; Morrison et al, 1987). For example, Morrison et al (1987) indirectly tested the enactment phase of the SIP model (i.e., response performance) by comparing violent men, martially discordant non-violent men, and satisfactorily married men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Response Performance in Sexually Risky Situations: Associations With Disinhibited Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies

Vitek

Yeater

2021

J Interpers Violence

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This study evaluated the effects of sexual victimization history, alcohol-related problems, psychological distress, and disinhibited sex-related alcohol expectancies on the effectiveness of women’s response performance in hypothetical social situations depicting risk for sexual victimization. Two hundred and forty-five undergraduate women first listened to audiotaped descriptions of the hypothetical social situations and imagined that they were the woman depicted in each scenario. They then were given a response to each situation deemed in prior work by experts in the sexual victimization research area to be effective at reducing risk for sexual victimization and asked to provide each response verbally while being videotaped. Participants then completed measures assessing prior victimization history, alcohol-related problems, psychological distress, and disinhibited sex-related alcohol expectancies. Experts in the sexual violence research area rated participants’ responses with respect to how effective each response was in decreasing their risk for having an unwanted sexual experience, defined as an experience in which the woman may be verbally or physically coerced into having a sexual contact of any kind with a man. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that disinhibited sex-related alcohol expectancies were associated positively with women’s response performance, indicating that women who endorsed greater disinhibited sex-related alcohol expectancies provided more effective responses to risky hypothetical situations. Findings suggest possible interventions aimed at reducing women’s risk of sexual victimization.

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California Psychological Inventory

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Breath holding duration as a measure of distress tolerance: examining its relation to measures of executive control

Breath holding duration as a measure of distress tolerance: examining its relation to measures of executive control

Haitian children’s resilience and vulnerability assessed with house–tree–person (HTP) drawings.

Women’s Response Performance in Sexually Risky Situations: Associations With Disinhibited Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies

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