California Pertussis Epidemic, 2010

Winter, Kathleen; Harriman, Kathleen; Zipprich, Jennifer; Schechter, R.S.; Talarico, John; Watt, James; Chávez, Gilberto

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.041

Cited by 228 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The introduction of vaccines against pertussis during the 1940s dramatically reduced the disease incidence in the United States. However, despite high or increasing coverage with pertussis-containing vaccines, the number of reported pertussis cases in the United States and many other developed countries has increased over the last decade, with notable recent epidemics (1)(2)(3). Multiple factors likely contribute to increased disease reporting, including heightened awareness, expanded surveillance, improved laboratory diagnostic testing, and allelic mismatch between circulating and vaccine reference strains (2,4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

The History of Bordetella pertussis Genome Evolution Includes Structural Rearrangement

et al. 2017

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Despite high pertussis vaccine coverage, reported cases of whooping cough (pertussis) have increased over the last decade in the United States and other developed countries. Although Bordetella pertussis is well known for its limited gene sequence variation, recent advances in long-read sequencing technology have begun to reveal genomic structural heterogeneity among otherwise indistinguishable isolates, even within geographically or temporally defined epidemics. We have compared rearrangements among complete genome assemblies from 257 B. pertussis isolates to examine the potential evolution of the chromosomal structure in a pathogen with minimal gene nucleotide sequence diversity. Discrete changes in gene order were identified that differentiated genomes from vaccine reference strains and clinical isolates of various genotypes, frequently along phylogenetic boundaries defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms. The observed rearrangements were primarily large inversions centered on the replication origin or terminus and flanked by IS481, a mobile genetic element with Ͼ240 copies per genome and previously suspected to mediate rearrangements and deletions by homologous recombination. These data illustrate that structural genome evolution in B. pertussis is not limited to reduction but also includes rearrangement. Therefore, although genomes of clinical isolates are structurally diverse, specific changes in gene order are conserved, perhaps due to positive selection, providing novel information for investigating disease resurgence and molecular epidemiology.IMPORTANCE Whooping cough, primarily caused by Bordetella pertussis, has resurged in the United States even though the coverage with pertussis-containing vaccines remains high. The rise in reported cases has included increased disease rates among all vaccinated age groups, provoking questions about the pathogen's evolution. The chromosome of B. pertussis includes a large number of repetitive mobile genetic elements that obstruct genome analysis. However, these mobile elements facilitate large rearrangements that alter the order and orientation of essential protein-encoding genes, which otherwise exhibit little nucleotide sequence diversity. By comparing the complete genome assemblies from 257 isolates, we show that specific rearrangements have been conserved throughout recent evolutionary history, perhaps by eliciting changes in gene expression, which may also provide useful information for molecular epidemiology.

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confidence: 99%

The History of Bordetella pertussis Genome Evolution Includes Structural Rearrangement

et al. 2017

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“…[5][6][7] Of concern, the number of cases has increased among fully vaccinated children and adolescents, particularly among those who received only acellular vaccines as children. [8][9][10] Possible explanations for this include waning immunity, less protective immune responses induced by acellular pertussis vaccines, increased provider awareness and reporting, and more sensitive diagnostic techniques. [11][12][13][14][15] Additionally, genetic changes in the bacteria could have a role in the resurgence of disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pertussis Vaccine Effectiveness in the Setting of Pertactin-Deficient Pertussis

et al. 2016

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“…Later it was found that the whole cell component was causing adverse effects following immunization, so in 2009, acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine was introduced to reduce the adverse effects [10]. Since then outbreaks of pertussis have been reported from many industrialized countries, which boast of high immunization coverage with aP vaccine [11][12][13].…”

Section: Pertussis -An Unidentified Killermentioning

confidence: 99%

Is TT Immunization in Pregnancy Enough in Indian settings?

Rathi¹

2017

IJVR

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India has a fairly large share in the maternal mortalities of the world. There are many aspects of a healthy pregnancy and immunization is one of them. Maternal immunization protects not just the mother but also imparts protection to the newborn. India introduced TT immunization for pregnant females in 1983. Due to sustained efforts of healthcare providers, training of nurses and midwives about clean delivery practices, strong campaigning of institutional deliveries, maternal and neonatal focused programs and a good coverage of pregnant women with TT immunization -India was finally declared free of maternal and neonatal tetanus on 15th May, 2015. Pertussis continues to be a serious public health problem in India. Pertussis is more dangerous in infancy and leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. The damage is particularly higher when the infant is only weeks old and still haven't received the primary immunization. Thus there is a need to introduce Tdap vaccine for pregnant women so that pertussis burden in infancy can reduce. An important cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy is influenza. Thus, influenza vaccine is the second vaccine that needs to be given to pregnant women.

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California Pertussis Epidemic, 2010

Cited by 228 publications

References 23 publications

The History of Bordetella pertussis Genome Evolution Includes Structural Rearrangement

The History of Bordetella pertussis Genome Evolution Includes Structural Rearrangement

Pertussis Vaccine Effectiveness in the Setting of Pertactin-Deficient Pertussis

Is TT Immunization in Pregnancy Enough in Indian settings?

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