“…Figure 1 depicts the cell invasion mechanisms of the most common viruses used as surrogates to determine antiviral action of EOs and NPs, among them FCV, herpes virus (HSV), MNV, HAV and SARS‐CoV. Virus replication begins with their interaction mediated by specific receptors present in the host cell membrane, for example, JAM‐1 for FCV (Akiko et al, 2006; David et al, 2008; Gutierrez‐Escolano, 2017; Pesavento et al, 2010), CD300lf for MNV (Can et al, 2008; Haga et al, 2016; Taube et al, 2009, 2010; Turgay et al, 2022), ACE for SARS‐CoV‐2 (Cantuti‐Castelvetri et al, 2020; Duan et al, 2020; Mousavizadeh & Ghasemi, 2021; J. S. Yang et al, 2020), sialic acid binding for nHAV (A. Das et al, 2020), and TIM1‐like PS receptors for eHAV (A. Das, 2020). This interaction causes conformational changes in the viral particle, which favor the subsequent stages.…”