Calibration of the Oxygen Storage Reactions for the Modeling of an Automotive Three-Way Catalyst

Torre, Augusto Della; Montenegro, Gianluca; Onorati, Angelo; Paltrinieri, Stefano; Rulli, Federico; Rossi, Vincenzo

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05744

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The second and the last simulations can be consistently compared, providing the assessment of the effects of the EHC-POCS application. As suggested in [21], a standard reaction model was considered for all the studied catalysts (washcoat of the EHC-POCS, CAT1, and CAT2), being a reasonable choice for a preliminary analysis. Even though the laminar flow assumption is considered for the pressure drop evaluation, a turbulent model is expected to be required when the exhaust gases-POCS heat and mass transfer need to be properly addressed.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Emissions Abatement At The Cold Startmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Investigation of an Innovative Additive Manufactured POCS Substrate as Electrical Heated Solution for After-Treatment Systems

et al. 2023

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In the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been progressively applied to the manufacturing of many mechanical components. Compared to traditional techniques, this technology is characterized by disruptive potential in terms of the complexity of the objects that can be produced. This opens new frontiers in terms of design flexibility, making it possible to create new components with optimized performances in terms of mechanical properties and weight. In this work, the focus is on a specific field of application: the development of novel porous media structures which can be the basis of advanced after-treatment systems for internal combustion engines. In particular, the possibility to design periodic open cellular structures (POCSs) that can be applied as catalytic substrates opens new perspectives in terms of flexibility and integrated functionalities. The present study investigates an innovative solution where the catalytic substrates are located in the pipes of the exhaust manifolds of a high-performance engine. A preliminary characterization of the pressure drop induced by the POCS structure is carried out, with a particular focus on the impact of the backpressure on the engine performances. Moreover, each POCS integrates an electrical circuit which is used to promote the heating of the device, with beneficial effects on the light-off of the catalytic reactions. An advanced CFD model is applied to evaluate the potential of the solution, comparing the pollutant conversion with that of the baseline configuration equipped with a standard after-treatment system solution.

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Section: Assessment Of the Emissions Abatement At The Cold Startmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Investigation of an Innovative Additive Manufactured POCS Substrate as Electrical Heated Solution for After-Treatment Systems

et al. 2023

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“…Holder et al, 9 Ramanathan and co-workers, 11,14 Weilenmann, 15 Della Torre et al, 12 and Okajima et al 45 Mitsouridis et al 27 control oriented real-time oxygen storage dynamics Auckenthaler et al, 28 Kumar et al, 46 Bickel et al, 29 Guardiola et al, 47 and Schurholz et al 30 Arunachalam et al 48 a…”

Section: Driving Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second group of modeling approaches aims to assist in the system engineering of the exhaust gas aftertreatment. − Hereby, macrokinetic approaches utilizing global Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics capture the chemical behavior of the monolith. On a channel scale, the enthalpy and species transport are simulated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Catalytic Performance of Coated Gasoline Particulate Filters under Various Operating Conditions

Walter

Neumann

Hinrichsen

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Coated gasoline particulate filters (cGPFs) can reduce gaseous as well as particulate emissions with the same device. However, their more complex design compared to conventional open monoliths requires accurate models in the development phase. We therefore present a new global kinetic model for cGPFs considering standard three-way catalyst reactions and extend it with the impact of lean–rich cycling, referred to as dithering. Submodels are introduced for the oxygen storage and for the extent of oxidation of the active centers. Therefore, the model captures the enhanced conversion of the catalyst under various dithering as well as steady-state conditions. Several steady-state and transient experiments were conducted on a specially equipped dynamic engine test bench in order to calibrate the approach. The proposed model accurately predicts the tailpipe emissions released in a worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure driving cycle that is not part of the original calibration data.

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“…The three-way catalyst consisted of a honeycomb ceramic substrate with 800 cpsi and wall thickness equal to 76 μm. Catalytic reactions occurring in the three-way catalyst were described according to the model reported in Table 1, which represents a reasonable starting point when experimental data for the model calibration are not available, as reported in [19].…”

Section: Case B: Full Exhaust Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Assessment of an After-Treatment System Equipped with a Burner to Speed-Up the Light-Off during Engine Cold Start

Torre¹,

Barillari²,

Montenegro³

et al. 2021

SAE Technical Paper Series

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In the next years, the upcoming emission legislations are expected to introduce further restrictions on the admittable level of pollutants from vehicles measured on homologation cycles and real drive tests. In this context, the strict control of pollutant emissions at the cold start will become a crucial point to comply with the new regulation standards. This will necessarily require the implementation of novel strategies to speed-up the light-off of the reactions occurring in the after-treatment system, since the cold start conditions are the most critical one for cumulative emissions. Among the different possible technological solutions, this paper focuses on the evaluation of the potential of a burner system, which is activated before the engine start. The hypothetical burner exploits the lean combustion of an air-gasoline mixture to generate a high temperature gas stream which is directed to the catalyst section promoting a fast heating of the substrate. In this work, an experimental test bench has been adopted to characterize the thermal transient of the after-treatment system when the burner-like system is activated, monitoring the temperature of the gas flow and the temperature of the metallic walls at different locations. Moreover, a CFD model has been developed to investigate the light-off of the reactions during the initial operation of the burner and the subsequent start of the engine. The model, developed on the basis of the OpenFOAM code, resorts to a multi-region approach, where different meshes are employed to describe the fluid domain and the solid regions, namely the catalytic porous substrates and the metallic walls constituting pipes and canning. Specific submodels are implemented to consider flow resistance, heat transfer, mass transfer and catalytic reactions occurring in the catalyst region. The CFD framework has been initially validated on the experimental data acquired on the test bench. The methodology has been then applied to the preliminary analysis of the catalyst light-off at engine cold start, considering a full exhaust line equipped with burner-like system.

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Calibration of the Oxygen Storage Reactions for the Modeling of an Automotive Three-Way Catalyst

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

CFD Investigation of an Innovative Additive Manufactured POCS Substrate as Electrical Heated Solution for After-Treatment Systems

CFD Investigation of an Innovative Additive Manufactured POCS Substrate as Electrical Heated Solution for After-Treatment Systems

Modeling the Catalytic Performance of Coated Gasoline Particulate Filters under Various Operating Conditions

Numerical Assessment of an After-Treatment System Equipped with a Burner to Speed-Up the Light-Off during Engine Cold Start

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