Calibration of the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP) for the InSight Mars Mission

Grott, M.; Spohn, Tilman; Knollenberg, J.; Krause, Christian; Scharringhausen, Marco; Wippermann, Torben; Smrekar, S.; Hudson, T. L.; Banerdt, W. B.

doi:10.1029/2019ea000670

Cited by 10 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore, rather than using the logarithmic GROTT ET AL. time derivative as a fitting function (Grott et al, 2019;Spohn et al, 2018), we use the heating curve itself to determine soil thermal conductivity in the following.…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP³ Active Heating Experiments

et al. 2021

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The martian near surface layer consists of sand-sized as well as dust-sized particles (Christensen & Moore, 1992) interspersed with larger rocks, and its detailed structure depends on the deposition process as well as subsequent surface modifications by eolian and fluvial activity. Under present martian atmospheric conditions sand-sized particles in the 100-600 μm size range can be moved by winds through saltation (Kok et al., 2012), and dust particles of typical sizes around 1.5 μm are suspended in the atmosphere and can reach the ground in the form of airfall (Lemmon et al., 2019), such that aeolian processes are generally recognized to be the prevalent surface modification process on Mars today.

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Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, thermal contact conductance between the mole and soil is explicitly taken into account, as this can have a significant influence on the temperature rise during the first part of the experiment (also compare for the lunar case). Details of the finite element model are given in Grott et al (2019).…”

Section: Data Inversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP³ Active Heating Experiments

et al. 2021

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“…These are thin film platinum resistance thermometers of the same type as those used in the HP 3 instrumented tether. During the calibration of the tether sensors only small deviations from the standard calibration curves were found (Grott et al, ). The instrument is operated and radiometrically calibrated at only three instrument temperature set points, deviations from the standard calibration curves would only introduce constant offsets to the thermopile voltage.…”

Section: Radiometer Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of the HP³ Radiometer on InSight

Müller

Knollenberg

Grott

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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The Heatflow and Physical Properties Package (HP 3 ) radiometer is currently operating on Mars, observing two spots approximately 1 and 3 m north-north-west of the InSight lander. The instrument has primary sensors that are sensitive in the range of 8 to 14 μm and two more sensors with more narrow spectral ranges per field of view. The radiometer underwent radiometric and geometric calibration at DLR-Berlin; and on Mars radiometric self-calibration is performed regularly. The self-calibration confirms that one of the two primary sensors has been stable since the ground calibration, but environmental parameters that are likely associated with the thermal contact of sensor and instrument main body may have slightly changed. The other primary sensor has increased in sensitivity for an unknown reason but is still within expectation from the sensor design. The uncertainty of the two primary sensors is approximately 3 K at night, with somewhat larger errors in the late afternoon. This estimate includes the effect of sensitivity changes that would be too small to be reliably detected by the self-calibration.The HP 3 -RAD radiometer is based on the designs of the MASCOT Radiometer (Grott et al., 2017) on Hayabusa 2, of the MERTIS instrument on Bepi-Colombo (Hiesinger & Helbert, 2010;Walter et al., 2006), and of the MUPUS Thermal Mapper on Rosetta (Spohn et al., 2007(Spohn et al., , 2015. The HP 3 -RAD was radiometrically calibrated in a space simulation chamber under conditions simulating the Mars environment over 2 weeks in April 2017. Onboard calibration occurred regularly after landing starting in December 2018.

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“…In this study we aim to investigate the effect of such a temperature excursion on present-day heatflow measurements such as InSight's HP 3 . According to Spohn et al (2018) and Grott et al (2019), the accuracy of the HP 3 instrument, when taking into account the known sources of uncertainty, should be 5 − 15%. Perturbations associated with atmospheric collapse would therefore be around the level of the existing noise, and their detection would appear challenging.…”

Section: Resulting Heat-flow Perturbationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential effects of atmospheric collapse on Martian heat flow and application to the InSight measurements

Attree

Patel

Grott

et al. 2020

Planetary and Space Science

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Heat flow is an important constraint on planetary formation and evolution. It has been suggested that Martian obliquity cycles might cause periodic collapses in atmospheric pressure, leading to corresponding decreases in regolith thermal conductivity (which is controlled by gas in the pore spaces). Geothermal heat would then build up in the subsurface, potentially affecting present-day heat flow -and thus the measurements made by a heat-flow probe such as the InSight HP 3 instrument. To gauge the order of magnitude of this effect, we model the diffusion of a putative heat pulse caused by thermal conductivity changes with a simple numerical scheme and compare it to the heat-flow perturbations caused by other effects. We find that an atmospheric collapse to 300 Pa in the last 40 kyr would lead to a present-day heat flow that is up to 2 − 8% larger than the average geothermal background. Considering the InSight mission with expected 5−15% error bars on the HP 3 measurement, this perturbation would only be significant in the best-case scenario of full instrument deployment, completed measurement campaign, and a well-modelled surface configuration. The prospects for detecting long-term climate perturbations via spacecraft heat-flow experiments remain challenging.

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Calibration of the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP) for the InSight Mars Mission

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP³ Active Heating Experiments

Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP³ Active Heating Experiments

Calibration of the HP³ Radiometer on InSight

Potential effects of atmospheric collapse on Martian heat flow and application to the InSight measurements

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Calibration of the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP) for the InSight Mars Mission

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP3 Active Heating Experiments

Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP3 Active Heating Experiments

Calibration of the HP3 Radiometer on InSight

Potential effects of atmospheric collapse on Martian heat flow and application to the InSight measurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP³ Active Heating Experiments

Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP³ Active Heating Experiments

Calibration of the HP³ Radiometer on InSight