Calibration of temperature measurement systems installed in buildings

Abstract

Energy Management Control Systems (EMCS) cannot function properly or efficiently without accurate temperature measurements since temperature is one of the fundamental measurements of any EMCS. This report was written for the purpose of describing various methods of on-site calibration of temperature sensing devices used in EMCS and to review the characteristics of these devices that are directly related to calibration. The significance of recording the results of each calibration is emphasized and the possible effects of systematic errors in temperature monitoring systems is discussed. Illustrative examples of the calibration of temperature monitoring systems are given. Liquid-in-glass thermometers, pressure thermometers, resistance temperature detectors (RTD), thermistors, integrated circuit temperature sensors, thermocouples, and bimetallic thermometers are discussed in detail with respect to their characteristics related to calibration.

International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy and Water Savings, Volume I (Revised)

“…Selected references on calibration have been provided in Chapter 6.2, including: ASTM (1992), Baker and , Benedict (1984), Bryant and O'Neal (1992), Cortina (1988), Doebelin (1990), EEI (1981), Haberl et al (1992), Harding (1982), Huang (1991), Hurley and Schooley (1984), Hurley (1985), Hyland and Hurley (1983), Kulwicki (1991), Leider (1990), Liptak (1995), Miller (1989), Morrissey (1990), Ramboz and McAuliff (1983), Robinson et al (1992), Ross and White (1990), Sparks (1992), Wiesman (1989), Wise (1976), Wise and Soulen (1986).…”

Initial test results and test plan for differential temperature controllers used in solar energy systems

“…Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) -These devices typically use platinum, copper, or nickel wire; increase in resistance with increased temperature; and generally have a linear r e s i s t a n c e / t e m p e r a t u r e curve for solar application. A typical platinum RTD with a 100 ohm nominal resistance may vary as much as 20 ohms over its operating range [6]. internal resistance (1,000 -35,000 ohms); and often experience a change in resistance over time if improperly used [6].…”

“…A typical platinum RTD with a 100 ohm nominal resistance may vary as much as 20 ohms over its operating range [6]. internal resistance (1,000 -35,000 ohms); and often experience a change in resistance over time if improperly used [6]. Two common thermistor types used in solar applications are (1) the 3K thermistor (3000 ohms at 77°F [25°C]) and (2) the 10K thermistor (10,000 ohms at 77°F [25°C]).…”

“…Increase the collector simulated temperature (by increasing the resistance) until the pump output is activated and record the resistance 6.…”

NEMVP: North American energy measurement and verification protocol

“…A list of calibration procedures is provided in the references and includes: Baker and Hurley (1984), Benedict (1984), Bevington and Robinson (1992), Bryant and O'Neal (1992), Cortina (1988), Doebelin (1990), EEI (1981), , Harding (1982), Huang (1991), Hyland and Hurley (1983), Hurley and Schooley (1984), Hurley (1985), ISA (1976), Kulwicki (1991), Lee (1988), Leider (1990), Miller (1989), Morrissey (1990), O'Neal et al (1990), Ramboz and…”