Calibration of Flaw Extension Model Under Ratcheting Fatigue

Abstract

Ratcheting fatigue loading arises from the superposition of elastic cyclic loads and monotonically increasing mean strains well into the plastic domain, resulting in simultaneous tearing and fatigue of initial welding flaws. The ratcheting loads may be due to thermal gradients set by startups and shutdowns or by soil uplifts and settlements. Under these conditions, fatigue and fracture phenomena could interact, accelerating the extension of initial fabrication flaws above that predicted to occur by either mechanism acting alone. Evaluation of ratcheting fatigue behavior will impact the weld inspection criteria that ensure pipeline integrity. A previous paper [Gioielli, et al ’08] described a model that evaluates 1) tearing based on applied elastic-plastic driving force (J) versus tearing resistance obtained from standard J-R curve tests and 2) tearing-fatigue based on an extension of Paris law re-expressed in terms of an effective ΔJ instead of ΔK enabling it to be extrapolated to the very high growth rates encountered in the elasto-plastic regime. The model was successfully calibrated to small-scale tests. This paper extends the model calibration to large-scale welded pipe tests subjected to cyclic tensile loads while internally pressurized. To that end, 1) new J solutions were developed for pressurized pipes under load-controlled conditions, and 2) comparisons were made of predicted flaw extensions to those obtained experimentally from full-scale tests. The model predictions using average tensile properties and SENT-based tearing resistance of flaw extensions compared favorably to those measured in the large-scale tests, but additional tests are needed before the model can be used in design.

Ratcheting Response of Heat-Treated Notched 1045 Steel Samples Undergoing Asymmetric Uniaxial Loading Cycles

“…The welded joint exhibited a relatively short hardening in the first few stress cycles, then a softening response occurred in single cycles until the failure stage, while the base metal possessed cyclic hardening over longer stress cycles before deviating to a softening response at failure. Gioielli et al [23] studied the impact of ratcheting and fatigue on weld inspection and pipeline integrity. The local quasi-static and cyclic deformation of brazed AISI 304L/BAu-4 joints were studied by Schmiedt et al [24] through the optical digital image correlation technique.…”