Calibration of antenna factor at a ground screen field site using an automatic network analyzer

Larsen, E B.; Ehret, Richard L.; Camell, Dennis G.; Koepke, Galen H.

doi:10.1109/nsemc.1989.37143

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…When a calibrated antenna is not available, the three antenna method or the single antenna method may be used. The three antenna method [4] involves measurements on three different antennas in paired configurations to extract the gain of every antenna. A simpler technique [5] consists of the use of a single antenna, that is, the antenna under test that is placed in front of a conducting plate.…”

Section: Differential Time‐domain Single‐antenna Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A time‐domain measuring technique for ultra‐wide band antennas

Tamas

Căruntu

Popa

2010

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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The measured IL of the miniature DBRs are 0.55 dB (parallel capacitors) and 0.44 dB (series capacitors), respectively. This leads to unloaded quality factors equal to 98 and 110, respectively. Hence, when the capacitors are connected in series a 12% improvement of unloaded quality factor of the miniature DBR can be obtained. The obtained %M are 76% (parallel) and 70% (series). The 6% difference is simply due to the meander realization used in the first case 0. CONCLUSIONSA new miniaturized DBR topology has been proposed. A capacitor connected in series with the stub allows reducing the miniature DBR size by 70%. Compared with the miniature DBR published in 0, the new topology leads to the same miniaturization ratio with improved performance, and more robust design. The obtained results are: an improvement of 12% for the unloaded quality factor and a better agreement between measurement and simulation results using the same CAD tool (ADS Momentum TM ). Based on the knowledge of the radiated far-field waveform for a given excitation, time-domain characteristic functions can be derived, allowing the evaluation of the antenna response for any other excitation waveform. Time-domain impulse response (or effective height) and time-domain reflection coefficient are such characteristic functions that provide a complete knowledge of the radiated field waveform and of the reflected voltage waveform at the antenna input, respectively; however, these functions of time are not essentially figures of merit. For this reason, energy-based descriptors have been derived from the above characteristic functions. Energy gain, energy pulse matching ratio, and normalized correlation coefficient are such descriptors.In a previous work [1], we proposed an energy reflection coefficient that can be calculated from the time-domain reflection coefficient. The latter was measured by using the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique. In this article, we propose a time-domain technique for measuring the impulse response of an ultra-wide band antenna. As opposed to traditional single-antenna techniques, our method can provide a simpler separation of the three signals at the antenna input (i.e., excitation signal, antenna input reflected signal, and received signal), even though they might be superposed. Measurements are performed in a low-noise environment, such as a Faraday cage; in that case, the antenna under test is placed close to one cage wall.Experimental results using our method are presented for a UWB folded dipole antenna operating in the lower band for military UWB applications.The time-domain differential single-antenna method provides accurate results as long as far-field conditions are granted. However, such a constraint prevents one from using the method to measure electrically large antennas. That is, the antenna under test cannot be placed too far away from the Faraday cage wall considered as a reflector, given that the shorter the distance, the longer the time-span available for extracting the response. It is obviously more d...

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Section: Differential Time‐domain Single‐antenna Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A time‐domain measuring technique for ultra‐wide band antennas

Tamas

Căruntu

Popa

2010

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…As the name implies, three transmission measurements are made with three combinations of the three antennas. This procedure is described in detail in reference [42]. This process yields three equations that can be readily solved for either gain or antenna factor.…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic airframe penetration measurements of the FAA's 737-200

Grosvenor¹,

Novotný²,

Camell³

et al. 2010

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology has completed shielding effectiveness/penetration studies on three different aircraft types for the Federal Aviation Administration. The studies are used to understand the cavity coupling characteristics between antennas placed in various compartments inside the aircraft and antennas placed at various angular positions around an aircraft. This document shows how penetration varies as a function of frequency, antenna type, antenna polarization, and cavity susceptibility for a 737-200 passenger jet. The document discusses initial numerical analysis, antenna gain dependence, and ground bounce effects and how they impact the data. Internal coupling between two antennas placed in the aircraft at different locations was studied and a statistical analysis of the insertion loss between various compartments is also presented.

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“…Figure 37 and 38 show the time-domain signatures of the 1.2 m TEM horn anterma and the 36 cm TEM horn antenna, respectively. Using the transmission measurements we can extract antenna factors and gain using the three-anterma method [29]. Figure 38 shows the measured antenna factor for three of our 1.2 m TEM horn antermas and two of our 36 cm TEM fiill-hom antermas,…”

Section: 5 Horn-to-horn Responses a Nd Measured Antenna Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEM horn antenna design principles

Grosvenor¹,

Johnk²,

Novotný³

et al. 2007

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed several ultrawideband, TEM horn antennas with phase linearity, short impulse duration, and a near-constant antenna factor.They are used as time-domain antennas for measuring impulsive fields with minimal distortion.The listed characteristics make TEM horn antennas ideal for separating events m the time domain. This time-domain separation allows for an accurate response from nearby scattering objects or representation ofcomphcated antenna patterns or frequency responses from sources. This report describes the development of each antenna, their characteristics, plus numerical modeling applied to each antenna to study various aspects of design, and various measurement applications of these antennas. Applications include site attenuation measurements, chamber evaluations, radar imaging studies, and aircraft shielding evaluations. This report is intended for those who wish to construct these types of broadband antennas or to use the technology developed at NIST.

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Calibration of antenna factor at a ground screen field site using an automatic network analyzer

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

A time‐domain measuring technique for ultra‐wide band antennas

A time‐domain measuring technique for ultra‐wide band antennas

Electromagnetic airframe penetration measurements of the FAA's 737-200

TEM horn antenna design principles

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