Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic analysis of copper-rich mineral collected from the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan

Hafeez, Muhammad; Abbasi, Shahab Ahmed; Rafique, Muhammad; Hayder, Rizwan; Sajid, Muhammad; Iqbal, Javed; Ahmad, Nasar; Shahida, Shabnum

doi:10.1364/ao.59.000068

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In this scenario, the CF-LIBS method appears to be a suitable and effective alternative to the calibration method. In some previous studies, the CF-LIBS method was utilized for measurement of elemental composition of geological samples such as limestone, granite, malachite, and nephrite, and results were compared with standard techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and laser ablation-time of flight-mass spectrometer (LA-TOF-MS) [24][25][26]44,45]. In all of these studies, quantitative results obtained with CF-LIBS showed reasonable agreement with the standard analytical techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the experimental arrangement can be found elsewhere [25]. Briefly, a Q switched Nd:YAG laser (Brilliant, Quantel, Les Ulis CEDEX, France) with 532 nm wavelength, 5 ns pulse width and repetition rate of 10 Hz was employed as a source of plasma excitation.…”

Section: Experimental Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malachite, a copper-bearing mineral, was also quantified using CF-LIBS methodology [25]. The same technique was adopted for the quantification of granite rock [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional Analysis of Chalcopyrite Using Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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This article presents elemental analysis of an economically important mineral (chalcopyrite) of local origin. Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) methodology based on the assumption of optically thin plasma and local thermodynamic equilibrium was employed for quantitative analysis. Plasma on the surface of the chalcopyrite target was generated by an Nd:YAG laser beam of wavelength 532 nm, pulse width 5 ns, and operated at repetition rate of 10 Hz. A LIBS2000+ detection system, comprised of five spectrometers, covering the spectral range from 200–720 nm, was used to record the signal of the optical emission from the chalcopyrite plasma. Recorded optical spectrum revealed the presence of Cu and Fe as the major elements while Ca and Na were recognized as the minor elements in the target sample. Quantitative analysis has shown that the relative concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Ca in the sample under study were 58.9%, 40.2%, and 0.9% by weight respectively. However, Na was not quantified due to the unavailability of suitable spectral lines, required for CF-LIBS analysis. Results obtained by CF-LIBS were validated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, which showed the presence of five compositional elements viz. Cu, Fe, Si, Se and Ag with weight percentages of 58.1%, 35.4%, 5.7%, 0.7%, and 0.1% respectively. These results endorse the effectiveness of the CF-LIBS technique for quantitative analysis of major elements, however, its usefulness in case of minor and trace elements needs further improvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional Analysis of Chalcopyrite Using Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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“…Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) has made possible to quantify the major and minor constituting elements of alexandrite crystal, and lighter element, like beryllium (Be), which were not easily detectable by several other techniques [31]. This technique is now frequently used to determine the number of trace elements and concentration of Cu and other elements in copper-rich minerals [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Thermoluminescent Colorless Topaz Crystal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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We present results of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of natural colorless topaz crystal of local Pakistani origin. Topaz plasma was produced in the ambient air using a nanosecond laser pulse of width 5 ns and wavelength 532 nm. For the purpose of detection of maximum possible constituent elements within the Topaz sample, the laser fluences were varied, ranging 19.6–37.6 J·cm−2 and optical emission from the plasma was recorded within the spectral range of 250–870 nm. The spectrum obtained has shown the presence of seven elements viz. Al, Si, F, O, H, Na and N. Results shows that the fluorine was detected at laser fluence higher than 35 J·cm−2 and plasma temperature of >1 eV. Al and Si were found as the major compositional elements in topaz crystals. The ratios of concentrations of Al and Si were found as 1.55 and 1.59 estimated by CF-LIBS and EDX, respectively. Furthermore, no impurity was found in the investigated colorless topaz samples.

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“…This methodology is preferred over the calibration method because it eliminates the matrix effect and requires no reference sample. CF-LIBS technique has been successfully employed for compositional analysis of various types of ores and minerals such as quartz, limestone and granite gneiss [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Concentration of Cu along with other elements has been successfully measured using CF-LIBS method in copper-rich minerals such as malachite and chalcopyrite [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Quantification of Precious Elements in Astrophyllite Mineral by Optical Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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With many advantages over well-established methods, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a useful analytical technique for the compositional analysis of multi-elemental geological materials. In this study, LIBS was employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a rare mineral, astrophyllite, bearing precious elements of industrial and technological interest. The experiment was carried out using second harmonic generation of Nd:YAG laser of pulse width 5 ns and repetition rate of 10 Hz. Microplasma was produced by focusing laser beam on an astrophyllite target, and optical emissions from the generated plasma were recorded in the spectral range of 200–720 nm with the help of a LIBS2000+ detection system. On analyzing the optical spectra, existence of 15 elements in astrophyllite target were revealed. These elements include: Ti, W, Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Na, Ni, Si and H. For quantification, calibration-free method was used. Only ten elements, namely Ti, W, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ca, Mg, Ni, Si and Al, were quantified with relative weight concentrations of 55.39%, 18.79%, 18.30%, 4.05%, 2.66, 0.43%, 0.18%, 0.12%, 0.06% and 0.02%, respectively. To benchmark these results, XRF analysis was performed, which confirmed the presence of all the elements detected in the optical spectrum of the sample, except for Na, Li, and H. The concentrations of these ten elements as measured by XRF were in reasonable agreement, especially for the major elements. The presence of a significant amount of Ti and W in an astrophyllite sample, found in Pakistan, highlights the economic value of this mineral. This study may be of further interest in commissioning LIBS technology for exploration of minerals in the region.

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Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic analysis of copper-rich mineral collected from the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Compositional Analysis of Chalcopyrite Using Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Compositional Analysis of Chalcopyrite Using Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Chemical Analysis of Thermoluminescent Colorless Topaz Crystal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Detection and Quantification of Precious Elements in Astrophyllite Mineral by Optical Spectroscopy

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