Calibration and Accuracy Assessment of Leica ScanStation C10 Terrestrial Laser Scanner

Abbas, Mohamed Yusoff; Setan, Halim; Majid, Zulkepli; Chong, Albert K.; Idris, Khairulnizam M.; Aspuri, Anuar

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36379-5_3

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The first scan was at a minimal resolution, which correspond to 0.2 m in horizontal and vertical spacing when the range is 100 m [ 37 ], with an entire field of vision (360 degree with respect to Z-axis and 270 degree for vertical amplitude) which is used for obtaining a general frame of the whole scanner field of view, where smaller areas can be selected for subsequent scans. The second high-resolution scan, which corresponds to 0.05 m in horizontal and vertical spacing at a range of 100 m [ 37 ], was of an area including the moving wall, stable wall and targets. Due to the different ranges to the scanner, the horizontal and vertical spacing at patch A, patch B, patch C and patch D is 0.0055 m, 0.0035 m, 0.0047 m and 0.0028 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change Analysis in Structural Laser Scanning Point Clouds: The Baseline Method

Shen

Lindenbergh

Wang

2016

Sensors

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A method is introduced for detecting changes from point clouds that avoids registration. For many applications, changes are detected between two scans of the same scene obtained at different times. Traditionally, these scans are aligned to a common coordinate system having the disadvantage that this registration step introduces additional errors. In addition, registration requires stable targets or features. To avoid these issues, we propose a change detection method based on so-called baselines. Baselines connect feature points within one scan. To analyze changes, baselines connecting corresponding points in two scans are compared. As feature points either targets or virtual points corresponding to some reconstructable feature in the scene are used. The new method is implemented on two scans sampling a masonry laboratory building before and after seismic testing, that resulted in damages in the order of several centimeters. The centres of the bricks of the laboratory building are automatically extracted to serve as virtual points. Baselines connecting virtual points and/or target points are extracted and compared with respect to a suitable structural coordinate system. Changes detected from the baseline analysis are compared to a traditional cloud to cloud change analysis demonstrating the potential of the new method for structural analysis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change Analysis in Structural Laser Scanning Point Clouds: The Baseline Method

Shen

Lindenbergh

Wang

2016

Sensors

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“…When it goes to the range covered by the scanners, the accuracy rank is inversely proportionate. Time of flight technique can measure a kilometre in distance, in addition, in line with technology progress, the accuracy also improved until sub-centimetre level [11].…”

Section: Time-of-flight Scannermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, errors are not only be yielded from the instrument itself, the processing procedure involving with algorithm can also contribute for the uncertainty. For instance, derivation of transformation parameters using poor network can cause a weak solution [10], false determination of target centroid due to the less resolution [11], algorithm for form fitting has wrongly identify the object [12] and vegetation filtering procedure that wrongly remove the ground data. Thus, investigation of errors should not only limited to the sensor but including the algorithm involves in the processing phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of Scaling Factor on Coordinate Transformation for Time-of-Flight Terrestrial Laser Scanner

Abbas¹,

Majid²,

Chong³

et al. 2019

cea

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Terrestrial laser scanning is a new approach in three-dimensional measurement. Since the acquisition of terrestrial laser scanner data requires multiple scanning stations to complete the data of a scanned object, the coordinate transformation process is the inevitable procedure in the measurement phase of the laser scanner. However, neglected scale factors in the process of terrestrial laser scanning datum transformation have led to a dispute over the quality of the laser scanning data. Emerging of errors not only occurs during data collection phase but it also occurs during data processing phase involving the use of algorithms. For a comprehensive assessment of these scale factors, two experiments have already been conducted involving multiple-networks experiment and multi-distance experiment. Multiple network experiment is performed with the establishment of multiple scanning stations (from 2 to 7 stations) and some real object surfaces equipped with artificial targets. The multi-distance experiment involves various scanning distances provided by the time-of-flight terrestrial laser scanning, involving testing from 60m to 140m. The registration process is then performed to produce all 7 parameters including the scale factor calculated between the scanner positions. The statistical method, with hypothesis testing, is used to evaluate the scale factor that is calculated with the ideal value. The results show that in all configurations, the null hypothesis is accepted with a 95% confidence level. This result also stipulates that scale factor can be ignored in datum transformation process for terrestrial laser scanning.

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“…Many of them focus on small archaeological heritage objects in order to ascertain the accuracy of both data acquisition techniques. On the one hand, there are research works into the calibration of laser scanners to ascertain their measurement uncertainties, errors and accuracies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. It is also worth mentioning other applications of TLS technology, which include change detection and deformation monitoring in buildings, constructions and engineering systems [24][25][26][27][28][29], as well as the digitisation of archaeological heritage sites for analysis [7,30,31].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability Study of Structure-from-Motion for the Digitisation of Architectural (Heritage) Spaces to Apply Divergent Photograph Collection

et al. 2020

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The digitisation of architectural heritage has experienced a great development of low-cost and high-definition data capture technologies, thus enabling the accurate and effective modelling of complex heritage assets. Accordingly, research has identified the best methods to survey historic buildings, but the suitability of Structure-from-Motion/Multi-view-Stereo (SfM/MVS) for interior square symmetrical architectural spaces is unexplored. In contrast to the traditional SfM surveying for which the camera surrounds the object, the photograph collection approach is divergent in courtyards. This paper evaluates the accuracy of SfM point clouds against Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for these large architectural spaces with a symmetrical configuration, with the main courtyard of Casa de Pilatos in Seville, Spain, as a case study. Two different SfM surveys were conducted: (1) Without control points, and (2) referenced using a total station. The first survey yielded unacceptable results: A standard deviation of 0.0576 m was achieved in the northwest sector of the case study, mainly because of the difficulty of aligning the SfM and TLS data due to the way they are produced. This value could be admissible depending on the purpose of the photogrammetric model.

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Calibration and Accuracy Assessment of Leica ScanStation C10 Terrestrial Laser Scanner

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Change Analysis in Structural Laser Scanning Point Clouds: The Baseline Method

Change Analysis in Structural Laser Scanning Point Clouds: The Baseline Method

Quantitative Evaluation of Scaling Factor on Coordinate Transformation for Time-of-Flight Terrestrial Laser Scanner

Suitability Study of Structure-from-Motion for the Digitisation of Architectural (Heritage) Spaces to Apply Divergent Photograph Collection

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